This year's jury members for the Clio Prizes are:

Dr. Benoît Grenier (président)
Département d'histoire
Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines
Université de Sherbrooke
Sherbrooke, QC  J1K 2R1
benoit.grenier2@usherbrooke.ca

Dr. George Colpitts
Department of History
The University of Calgary
SS614 - 2500 University Dr. N.W.
Calgary, AB T2N 1N4
colpitts@ucalgary.ca

Dr. Jeremy Mouat
The University of Alberta,Augustana Campus
4901 - 46 Avenue 
Camrose, Alberta   T4V 2R3
jmouat@ualberta.ca

THE NORTH (YUKON AND NORTHWEST TERRITORIES)

Dr. John Sandlos (Chair)
Department of History
Memorial University of Newfoundland
St. John's, NL A1C 5S7
jsandlos@mun.caDr. Matthew Farish

Department of Geography University of Toronto
100 St. George Street, Room 5047
Toronto, ON M5S 3G3
farish@geog.utoronto.ca

Dr. Liza Piper
Department of History & Classics
2-28 Henry Marshall Tory Building
University of Alberta
Edmonton AB T6G 2H4
 liza.piper@ualberta.ca

The Clio Prizes are awarded to meritorious publications or for exceptional contributions by individuals or organizations to regional history.

Clio Prize Winners

2011

Atlantic Canada

Dean Bavington. Managed Annihilation: An Unnatural History of the Newfoundland Cod Collapse.

With lucid and highly accessible prose, Dean Bavington offers an insightful, and often disturbing, explanation of how “the northern cod was scientifically managed out of existence” (2). Bavington traces the history of managerial ecology and its hegemony in environmental discourse and practices of the twentieth century. Bavington calls for a shift from managerial to moral ecology. Bavington’s heterodoxy will have its critics, but his challenge to reconsider our conviction that we can control nature reminds us that we have seen this type of hubristic and flawed certainty in the past. His intervention is both timely and important.

British Columbia

Book Award

Achievement Award 

The North

Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation and Shirleen Smith. People of the Lakes: Stories of Our Van Tat Gwich’in Elders/Googwandak Nakhwach’ànjòo Van Tat Gwich’in.

People of the Lakes is an expansive oral history of the Van Tat Gwich’in people of northern Yukon told largely in their own words. The book is visually stunning, with archival photographs and contemporary images serving as important companions to the stories of the land that are so important in the interviews. As a meditation on place, identity, tradition, social and cultural change, and the communication of knowledge from generation to generation, People of the Lakes is undoubtedly one of the very best of the many community-based oral histories that have been produced in northern Canada. 

Ontario

Michelle A. Hamilton. Collections and Objections: Aboriginal Material Culture in Southern Ontario, 1791-1914.

Presented in rich detail, Michelle Hamilton’s Collections and Objections: Aboriginal Material Culture in Southern Ontario examines the multiple issues and personalities involved in the collection of ethnographic and archeological objects in Southern Ontario between 1791 and 1914. The book demonstrates a sophisticated grasp of an impressive array of primary materials and an exhaustive archival research. Ably written and truly multidisciplinary, the book engages most recent scholarship on material culture, anthropology, public history and colonialism. The author shows convincingly how the contested narratives about collecting Aboriginal material culture in the nineteenth century continue to inform the professional fields of archaeology, ethnography, and museum studies.

The Prairies

Quebec

Andrée Lévesque. Éva Circé-Côté : libre-penseuse, 1871-1949.

Biographies published by historians are rare in Quebec, those that trace the entire social fabric and culture of an era are even more so. Andrée Lévesque’s Eva-Circé Côté: freethinker is the fruit of a pioneering approach which makes the connection between women's history and that of Montreal’s cultural "avant-garde " environment. Andrée Lévesque overcame huge challenges due to her extensive expertise in the biographical genre and her deep knowledge of the era and environment studied. If her work reaches a variety of readerships, it also brings new light on Montreal’s cultural "avant-garde" bringing us into this network of writers inspired by French Parnassian, romantic and symbolist movements.

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2010

Atlantic Canada

Béatrice Craig. Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists: The Rise of a Market Culture in Eastern Canada.

Béatrice Craig’s work on the Madawaska district and her explorations of economic life in rural communities are well-known for their sensitive explorations of domestic production, gender, inter-generational transmission of wealth, and other topics. These themes and others are fully explicated in Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists: The Rise of a Market Culture in Eastern Canada (UTP 2009). The book explores how “location, the nature of its resources, and its uncertain political status for most of the period under consideration resulted in the Madawaska Territory being part of three overlapping regions,” including New Brunswick, Lower Canada and New England (p. 16).   Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists makes a significant contribution to the economic history of New Brunswick and to our collective understanding of colonial economies generally.

Craig’s analysis interweaves an excellent command of original source material with a robust and important historiography, resulting in a persuasive analysis that pays attention to the particularities of the Madawaska district, while situating this in a broader analysis of the development of capitalist trade patterns. Her conclusion that “the modern economy was not lurking in the wings, fully formed and ready to spring on the stage at the first opportunity” but rather was the result of a series of “actions of myriad individuals groping for solutions to problems whose causes they understood imperfectly” (p. 230) stands as a challenge to reinterpret economic development in colonial contexts.

British Columbia

Becki L. Ross. Burlesque West: Showgirls, Sex, and Sin in Postwar Vancouver.

Ross effectively contrasts east-end and west-end striptease clubs and in so doing highlights ethnic and class distinctions that few scholars of Vancouver have explored. She makes a convincing case that striptease is a topic that belongs squarely within labour history, and this too is another of the book's major contributions. However, Ross’s interviews with ex-dancers allowed her to consider them as far more than just workers dealing with degenerating conditions, workplace hazards, and stumbling blocks in efforts to unionize. Her study assesses commerce, sexuality, gender relations, ethnicity, and morality as complex and interconnected issues informing those women’s and club-owners’ lives. It deals with significant changes over time as shifts in performance styles and audience expectations resulted in what her interviewees seem to view as a "de-skilling" of the industry. As a highly original contribution to the historiography, this highly readable book is well deserving of the British Columbia regional Clio Award.

NORTH / LE NORD

Book Award

Liza Piper. The Industrial Transformation of Subarctic Canada. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2009.

We are pleased to award the Northern Clio Award to Liza Piper for her thoroughly researched, lucid, and insightful study The Industrial Transformation of Subarctic Canada. Piper’s work presents a rich account of human actors in the region – bureaucracts, corporate executives, engineers, mill workers, and native peoples – but her main focus is the environmental changes in the vast region surrounding the lakes of subarctic Canada, including Great Bear, Great Slave, Athabasca and Lake Winnipeg. From 1921 to 1960 the sub-Arctic became increasingly industrialized, with mining, fishing, and oil extraction carried out by companies like Eldorado, Cominco, Gunnar, Giant and Imperial Oil. Piper brings to this industrial transformation the finely-trained eye of an environmental historian, considering the dramatic ecological impacts of mine tailings, new transportation links, dammed rivers and fish kills, among other consequences of northern development. She also intertwines histories of the state, corporate North America, Aboriginal prospectors, fishers and workers, as well as outside labourers and professionals. The result is a rich tapestry of characters and events, brought together in a convergence that bore little resemblance to the previous world of the northern fur trade. Like all good environmental history, we are left to lament the destructive and disruptive intrusion of “progress” against the possibilities of a more sustainable treatment of the Lakes, but also to consider the resilience of Aboriginal peoples in the face of such changes, and the creative interaction between human labour and natural processes that produced industrial landscapes in the subarctic environment.

Morrison has published two books, Showing the Flag and True North: The Yukon and Northwest Territories, as well as thirteen monographs and many articles with Ken Coates.  His latest co-authored book, Arctic Front: Defending Canada in the Far North, was awarded the prestigious 2009 Donner Prize for the best Canadian book on public policy.  Morrison has stimulated interest in the north for undergraduate and graduate students alike, and has made a considerable contribution to the field.  We look forward to his continuing contributions to our knowledge of the Canadian north from the comfort of retirement in Kelowna, British Columbia.

ONTARIO

Sharon Wall. The Nurture of Nature: Childhood, Antimodernism, and Ontario Summer Camps, 1920-55. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2009. 

This engaging and accessible study examines the summer camp experience, primarily an Ontario phenomenon in Canada, which the author argues was an idea born of anti-modern impulses yet fundamentally rooted in modernism, as camp leaders attempted to order, control, and commodify “natural” landscapes.  Wall studies elite private camps, camps run by agencies such as the Girl Guides, and fresh-air charity camps for the urban poor, considering the sometimes contradictory aims of camp leaders, parents, and children.  She makes nuanced use of an extensive range of oral and documentary sources as she traces the tensions between competing cultural ideals.  Building on earlier studies of wilderness, this book offers a number of valuable contributions to our understanding of modernism in Ontario, including ideas about childhood and youth, consumer culture, gender, leisure, class and race.

THE PRAIRIES

Royden Loewen and Gerald Friesen. Immigrants in Prairie Cities: Ethnic Diversity in Twentieth-Century Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009.

This co-authored book breaks new ground, intertwining immigrant and ethnicity studies with those of place, and urban prairie places in particular, to offer a revised conceptualization of the prairie west. Organized chronologically, it emphasizes continuity and change though time, and links those circumstances to larger economic, cultural, social, and political shifts on regional, national, and even international scales. In this way, Friesen and Loewen show how immigrants to prairie cities negotiated their ethnic identities when faced with the dual features of nativism and community building. Friesen and Loewen explore a shift in cultural attitudes over the course of the twentieth century, partly due to changes in immigration policies, and the aftermath of international conflicts, but also due to changes in the internal rhythms of the cities themselves. Religious communities developed and anchored ethnic identities. Advancements in transportation and communication brought further changes to the layering of identities as individuals and families developed new “mental maps” locating their place of origin as well as their new communities in ways that allowed them to communicate with or even visit both with relative ease. After Diefenbaker, the unhyphenated Canadian became a mythical figure of the west, but as these authors show, high political policies were often out of sync with actions at the local level. Folk festivals flourished in the latter half of the century, and created caricatures of ethnic customs but also retained significant, if romanticized, links with “old county” traditions from a particular moment in time.

QUÉBEC

Éric Bédard. Les Réformistes. Une génération canadienne-française au milieu du XIX^e siècle. Montréal : Boréal, 2009.

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2009

Atlantic

John Reid, with contributions by Emerson W. Baker, Essays on Northeastern North America: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries.

John Reid’s Northeastern North America: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries stands as a record of how his scholarship has dramatically changed the historical questions pertaining to the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Atlantic region and beyond. The three essays in Part One: Colonial Habitation, demonstrate the possibilities and problems of “making empire” at the margins –what Reid calls “the fragility of colonial habitation.”  The second group of essays, headed Imperial Exchange, offers a deep sense of how the colonial order was very much negotiated on the basis of fragility, while the third section, Aboriginal Engagement, is a serious and sustained analysis of the aboriginal response to colonial incursions and settler societies. Part Four, Commemoration, reflects on the changing ways in which historical commemorations of early Northeastern North America have been understood and presented. The volume includes an introduction, thirteen essays organized in the four sections discussed above, and an Epilogue.  Two essays were co-written with Emerson W. Baker.  Collectively these essays underscore Reid’s important contribution to the reconceptualization of the history of the Atlantic region.

John Lutz, Makúk: A New History of Aboriginal-White Relations

Makúk is a ground-breaking book about exchanges, conflicts of meaning, intercultural relations, and work.  Developed as part of the Chinook jargon on the northwest Pacific Coast in the late eighteenth century, the word Makúk means, “Let’s Trade.”  In John Lutz’s book this simple phrase nevertheless unfolds onto a rich and diverse examination that considers patterns of mobility in wage labour, community-based stories, industry-specific histories, and the economic development of British Columbia.  Carefully constructed case studies of the diverse experiences of different groups, including the Lekwungen and the Tsilhqot’in, provide depth and texture to sweeping synoptic analyses of changing patterns of aboriginal labour, state welfare policies, and ideas of work.  The archival reach of Makúk and its engagement with the international theoretical literature is impressive; so too is Lutz’s insistence on and demonstration of new modes of historical inquiry that draw oral history into the core of analysis. While Makúk reframes BC history in important ways and offers an analytically complex narrative, it also models an approach that makes academic research more accessible.  The writing never hides behind specialist language but introduces difficult ideas in plain terms; the innovative print layout and format deploy visual images and selected archival texts to interrupt the narrative and raise new questions for readers.  This book helps to refresh some areas of BC historiography that were seemingly well understood; it will have an important effect on BC, national, and international scholarship. 

The BC Clio jury would like to acknowledge Jean Barman for her substantial contributions to BC historical scholarship over the course of her distinguished career in the Department of Educational Studies at the University of British Columbia. Her scholarship has been both voluminous and important. Not only is she the author of the major survey text of British Columbia history, The West Beyond the West, which has reached a wide public audience across the country, but she has also written or edited eighteen other books and published over fifty papers in BC history. Her research has received accolades and prizes for broadening and deepening the historiography of BC and Canada. She has twice been awarded the BC Clio prize for the best book on British Columbia history (2002 and 1992), won the Lieutenant Governor's Medal for Historical Writing (2004), and was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2002. Barman has also mentored new scholars at her home institution, as well as others conducting research on BC from across Canada and North America; in doing so she provided critical support for the renewal and rethinking of British Columbia history. In addition to her distinguished scholarly record, Barman has assumed an important role as a public intellectual. She has been central to the Vancouver Museum Revitalization Project, a regular contributor to CBC-Radio’s “Almanac” programme, a Director of BC Heritage Trust, a Director of Pacific Book World New Society, and a member of the Vancouver City Council’s Downtown Historic Greenway Committee. In these ways, her scholarship has informed her citizenship and enriched the public discourse of the province.

The Clio Award Committee for Northern Canada is pleased to offer Dorothy Harley Eber the Certificate of Merit in acknowledgement of her contributions to northern history.  Although not a trained historian, Harley Eber has spent the last forty years traveling to the Arctic from her home in Montreal, first as a journalist and more recently to conduct oral interviews with Inuit elders.  Her five authored or co-authored books on Canada’s north include: Pitseolak: Pictures Out of My Life, (1970); People From Our Side: A Life Story With Photographs (1993); When the Whalers Were Up North: Inuit Memories From the Eastern Arctic (1996); Images of Justice: A Legal History of the Northwest Territories As Traced Through the Yellowknife Courthouse Collection of Inuit Sculpture (1997); and Encounters on the Passage: Inuit Meet the Explorers (2008).

Her most recent book (published by the University of Toronto Press in 2008) attests to her remarkable aptitude to bring to life the stories told by Inuit elders of encounters between early European explorers and northern indigenous people.  Harley Eber has worked in partnership with many Inuit storytellers, elders, artists and interpreters. She has listened, respected, and passed on their histories.  She has acted as an interpreter for southern readers by introducing Inuit artistic representations and by providing oral histories of the Inuit side of the Native/Newcomer encounter.  The oral interviews Harley Eber has collected will serve as an important repository of Inuit histories, and the books that she has written have forged further understanding of Inuit cultures in the far north. 

Catharine Anne Wilson, Tenants in Time: Family Strategies, Land, and Liberalism in Upper Canada, 1799-1871

In this fascinating and readable study, Catharine Anne Wilson challenges and overturns our basic assumptions about the settlement era in Ontario history. She argues convincingly that values inherent in liberalism about land have become so entrenched in our thinking that historians have focused almost entirely on land ownership; however, rural tenancy was a significant part of the Upper Canadian experience. By exploring the range of types of tenants and tenancy, the relations between landlords and tenants, the legal system that governed those relations, the differences between the legal framework and actual practice, and tenancy as a family strategy towards security and mobility, Wilson demonstrates that tenancy was central to the economic, social, political, and ideological development of the province. While tenancy was not part of the prevailing liberal ideal, she shows compellingly that it was vital to its functioning. The book is extensively and carefully researched, but the reader is never lost in statistics or detail; a micro-history of one township in Northumberland County brings the story very much to life.

Sarah Carter, The Importance of Being Monogamous: Marriage and Nation Building in Western Canada to 1915

The Importance of Being Monogamous joins other innovative works in social and colonial history that draw connections between the growth of European-Canadian settlement, nation building, and the extension of empire. Before 1870, the West was made up of diverse and complex cultures that practised varied forms of marriage. Unfortunately, for European-Canadians this matrimonial diversity was a sign of social disorganization and immorality, and thus needed to be changed. Examining the imposition of the monogamous Christian marriage model, Carter traces the process through which the state asserted its European-Canadian cultural, economic, and political hegemony over the Prairie West.  Carter shows how the creation of a White settler society in Western Canada (which was rooted in appropriate gender norms, agriculture, and a European-Canadian identity) was neither a natural nor inevitable process.

Carter’s study also makes important contributions to the history of sexuality, law, gender, and public policy. In this study Carter complicates popular beliefs that marriage is by definition monogamous, heterosexual, universal and fixed. Carter clearly shows that the “wistful nostalgia” (expressed by social conservatives) for an imaginary simpler time --  when gender roles were firmly in place with the husband as family head and provider, and the wife as the dependent partner obedient, unobtrusive, and submissive -- is based on a entirely imagined past.  Instead, she demonstrates that the construction of the monogamous marriage as ‘normal’ was a deliberate and relatively recent choice made by the increasingly dominant social group in the West at the turn of the century.

That this book is published with Athabasca University Press is also noteworthy. Athabasca University Press is relatively new to scholarly publishing. Its mandate is to overcome barriers to education by making its catalogue as accessible as possible. Electronic copies of the Press’s publications, including this book, are accordingly available, free of charge, online. Therefore, not only does The Importance of Being Monogamous make an important contribution to scholarship, but it should reach a broad audience.

Marc Vallières et coll., Histoire de Québec et de sa région, 3 tomes

The committee is pleased to award this year’s Clio-Quebec Prize to Histoire de Québec et de sa region, by Marc Vallières, Yvon Desloges, Fernand Harvey, Andrée Héroux, Réginald Auger, Sophie-Laurence Lamontagne and André Charbonneau.  This wide-ranging study in three volumes traces the history of Quebec City and the region that surrounds it from their very beginning until today.  Among the many strengths of this work, the jury would like to highlight the following: extensive research in primary and secondary sources (both classic and recent); rigorous analysis; the ability to situate Quebec City and its region in a much wider geographical context; the attention paid to all residents of Quebec City (Aboriginal and European, Catholic and Protestant; francophone and anglophone; men, women, and children); and a noteworthy concern for detail.  In addition to featuring a wealth of very useful illustrations, graphs, and tables, these three volumes are clearly and accessibly written.  All in all, Histoire de Québec et de sa région is an ambitious and impressive work of synthesis that will become the reference of choice for all matters related to the history of Quebec City.

North

John Sandlos, Hunters At The Margin: Native People and Wildlife Conservation in the Northwest Territories.  University of British Columbia Press, 2007

Hunters At The Margin is a richly detailed, well researched, and insightfully argued book.  John Sandlos convincingly demonstrates the Canadian government’s determination to colonize the northern landscape, and Canada’s Northern Aboriginal people in an effort to limit their abilities not only to hunt, but to pursue their traditional lifeways.  During the early twentieth-century, the federal government’s desire to expand their control over conservation, particularly with respect to wood bison, muskox and caribou conflicted with the interests of the Cree, Inuit and Dene of the Northwest Territories.  The establishment of national parks, game sanctuaries and hunting regulations severely disrupted traditional patterns leaving Northern Aboriginal Canadians to pursue unstable employment possibilities and to live in communities overseen by government officials.  This system of surveillance ultimately deprived traditional hunters of their freedom to roam the land and live independently.  John Sandlos presents a well-balanced narration of the voices of early conservationists, of government officials, and of Aboriginal leaders, all of whom claimed to have a stake in northern wildlife management.  Those most affected by this new intervention, the northern peoples themselves, frequently opposed and resisted the government policies.  The author’s skillful elucidation of this set of tensions serves as a potent reminder of the federal government’s disregard for Northern Aboriginal people, and the dreadful costs that resulted.  We are also reminded of how environmental history can provide a rich tapestry through which to understand human action, and, in this case human error.

The Clio Awards North wishes to acknowledge Inuit Elder Winnie Owingayak for her numerous contributions to the preservation and maintenance of Inuit heritage and cultural traditions. Born and raised on the land, she is a resident of Baker Lake, Nunavut and recently retired as the Manager of Itsarnittakarvik: Inuit Heritage Centre, Baker Lake. She is a member at large of the Archive Council of Nunavummi and member of the Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit Katimajiit, which provides advice to the Government of Nunavut on traditional Inuit knowledge and values.

As one of the new generation of Inuit documenting Inuit culture, Winnie Owingayak has collected hundreds of recordings of elders and participated in the development and production of the CDs Tuhaalruuqtut Vol. I & Vol. II and Footprints, recordings of traditional Inuit songs. She was instrumental in the development of Tuhaalruuqtut Ancestral Sounds, a virtual exhibit of the Baker Lake Inuit Heritage Centre which is hosted on the Virtual Museum of Canada website. Visitors to the exhibit can hear examples of Winnie singing throat songs and playing accordion. While promoting a living understanding of Inuit heritage in her community of Baker Lake through her participation and organization of dances, games and other cultural activities, Winnie Owingayak has also been active regionally and nationally, widely sharing the knowledge of Inuit songs, stories and traditions through her collecting efforts and her own performances.

William J. Turkel's The Archive of Place: Unearthing the Pasts of the
Chilcotin Plateau (Vancouver, UBC Press) has been selected for the
Canadian Historical Association's Clio award for the best book
published on British Columbia history in 2007. Turkel uses the
Chilcotin Plateau as an 'archive of place,' one that reveals much  
about differing and at times conflicting interpretations of British
Columbia's past and the place of Indigenous peoples, settlers, and the
land within it.  Turkel's book is both a work of environmental history
and cultural history, centrally concerned with the making of place as
an assemblage of material traces and cultural understandings mutually
constituted in a landscape of memory. Moving back and forth
between the present and the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth-century  
past,  Turkel has crafted a methodologically innovative and elegantly  
written work of history.

Esyllt W. Jones, Influenza 1918: Disease, Death, and Struggle in Winnipeg, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007).

Jones’ study of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic offers a new and innovative approach to a topic that has received a great deal of scholarly attention. By considering how family, class, gender, and ethnicity operated in Winnipeg during the flu pandemic, Jones weaves together a nuanced social history that combines both medical and labour perspectives. Jones focuses on how class and gender shaped the contours of the epidemic and crystallized around social divisions of class and ethnicity. In particular, her examination of the gendered dimensions of the pandemic is sophisticated and uses social responses to ill-health to explore the porous boundaries between home, work, and community. Indeed, volunteerism and public health nursing brought new actors into different urban spaces to provide both services and surveillance in Winnipeg’s ‘ethnic’ north.

In addition to medical history Jones’ work contributes to Canadian labour history. On the eve of the Winnipeg General Strike, and at a moment when the city had a reputation as Canada’s Chicago, this study offers significant insight into the social fabric of that urban dynamic during the epidemic. Given the proximity of the pandemic to the Winnipeg General Strike, Jones argues the experiences of illness helped forge strong class identities in Winnipeg and served to create a collective experience which helped mobilize and radicalize workers. She does this through examining three episodes in detail: from the first general strike vote in October 1918, the municipal election where labour was strongly represented, to the general strike itself in 1919. Jones makes a subtle and nuanced argument that through the experience of the epidemic the working classes of Winnipeg came to view disease as a social construction that emerged out of the city’s social relations.

Robert B. Kristofferson, Craft Capitalism: Craftworkers and Early Industrialization in Hamilton, Ontario 1840-1872 (Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press, 2007)

In this book, Robert Kristofferson has produced a vivid and specific account of skilled men in the first stages of Hamilton's industrialization. He explores craft culture and the institutions through which it was made, arguing that at this point industrialization was not a linear process involving the degradation of skills and that artisan-producers played a significant role in determining its course.  Drawing impressively on the relevant sources, notably census manuscripts, the press, and rich local biographical data, the author develops an image of historical change that is nuanced and complex.  In the emerging industrial workplace, men identified themselves as members of a craft, and learned their skills through stages that they had good reason to anticipate would culminate in their own independence as proprietors or in well-paid and well-respected supervisory positions. Even in the largest workplaces, including the immense shops of the Great Western Railway, the organization of work was based on craft culture, in which craft pride and craft hierarchies were reinforced. In engaging the rich literature on economic and social change in mid-nineteenth century Hamilton, Craft Capitalism demonstrates how a local focus can address the largest of historical questions.

Martin Petitclerc, ‘Nous protégeons l’infortune’.  Les origines populaires de l’économie sociale au Québec.  Montréal, VLB Éditeur, 2007.

Although mutual benefit and friendly societies were important actors in nineteenth-century public life, they have been largely neglected by historians of Quebec.  Martin Petitclerc’s “Nous protégeons l’infortune”. Les origines populaires de l’économie sociale au Québec is thus a most welcome addition to the historiography.  A deeply researched, well-structured, and cogently argued work of history, this book sheds new light on associational life, but also on class relations, the role of the Catholic Church, masculinity, and working-class culture in nineteenth-century Quebec.  While Petitclerc pays particular attention to the Montreal chapter of l’Union Saint-Joseph, this is much more than an institutional history.  Careful empirical research is integrated into a rigorous theoretical framework; the everyday functioning of l’Union Saint-Joseph and other mutual benefit societies is made sense of through an analysis that relies upon Karl Polanyi’s and Mark Granovetter’s theories of ‘embeddedness.’  Petitclerc has drawn appropriately on the relevant international historiography in order to produce a work that is rooted in the history of Quebec’s popular classes, but that poses larger questions about the relationships between the economy and social relations, between liberalism and solidarity.

Actrices importantes de la vie publique au XIXe siècle, les sociétés de secours mutuels ont néanmoins été négligées par les historiens du Québec.  « Nous protégeons l’infortune ». Les origines populaires de l’économie sociale au Québec, de Martin Petitclerc, est donc un ajout précieux à l’historiographie.  Bien structuré, reposant sur des recherches imposantes et une argumentation convaincante, ce livre fait la lumière sur la vie associative, mais également sur les rapports de classe sociale, le rôle de l’Église catholique, la masculinité et la culture ouvrière au Québec au XIXe siècle.  Petitclerc consacre une bonne partie de son livre à l’Union Saint-Joseph de Montréal, mais cet ouvrage est beaucoup plus qu’une simple histoire institutionnelle.  La recherche empirique soignée est intégrée à un cadre théorique rigoureux; le fonctionnement quotidien de l’Union Saint-Joseph et d’autres sociétés de secours mutuels est compris à la lumière d’une analyse s’appuyant sur les théories de l’encastrement développées par Karl Polanyi et Mark Granovetter.  Petitclerc a su s’inspirer de l’historiographie internationale pertinente afin de produire un ouvrage qui, tout en étant enraciné dans l’histoire des classes populaires québécoises, pose des questions plus vastes concernant les rapports entre l’économie et la société, entre libéralisme et solidarité.

A.J.B. Johnston, Endgame 1758: The Promise the Glory, and the Despair of Lousibourg’s Last Decade. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press 2007.

A.J.B Johnston’s Endgame 1758: The Promise the Glory and the Despair of Louisbourg’s Last Decade, based on exhaustive and meticulous research in French, British and British and French colonial records, successfully places the events leading to the fall of Louisbourg within the mid-18th-century Atlantic world. Johnston uses his well-sustained chess metaphor to carefully reconstruct the movement of opposing fleets, military strategies and engagements that form the central focus of the monograph. At the same time Louisbourg is imagined as a “fortress, seaport, and community.” (4) The account of the re-occupation of Louisbourg by the French provides excellent portrayals of the social and commercial life of the town in its last decade and brings its population to life as residents struggled with food shortages and enjoyed pre-Lenten carnivals. Through the use of personal details, such as the exchange of gifts between the British commander Major General Amherst and Madame Drucour, the wife of Louisbourg’s governor during the final battle Johnston skillfully engages his readers with his subjects, thereby heightening the poignancy of the final defeat.(237) The text is enriched by evocative first person accounts by a wide variety of participants on both sides of the conflict. Johnston has also made a strong and successful effort to place the aboriginal allies (and enemies) of the French at Louisbourg solidly within the narrative. While offering a wealth of rich detail about the naval and military engagements that led to the final defeat of Louisbourg as well as the social and commercial aspects of life in the fortified town, it is a highly readable book.

Atlantic

(Book)

Rusty Bittermann.  Rural Protest on Prince Edward Island: From British Colonization to the Escheat Movement, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2006.

To an historiography habitually accused of insularity, Rusty Bittermann has contributed an innovative new study of an old theme. His account of rural protest on Prince Edward Island during the period 1763 to 1842 not only provides a new interpretive vehicle for understanding the early colonial period in British America’s most agrarian polity, but contextualizes Island events within the larger British imperial world. The result informs both spheres.

Prince Edward Island’s “Land Question,” its unhappy addiction to an increasingly anachronistic leasehold system of land tenure, is a much ploughed field in Island historiography. Yet Bittermann makes it yield important new insights. Historians have long since transcended the simplistic formula of “heroic” tenants versus “evil” absentee proprietors that once provided the storyline for early Prince Edward Island, but Bittermann both nuances the Land Question equation and adds to it. He argues convincingly that land reform agitation in early Prince Edward Island was not simply the cynical manipulations of contesting elites, but a genuine grassroots protest movement. And he links that movement to radical reform movements elsewhere in both the British Isles and British North America. Not only were they aware of, and influenced by, each other, but the Colonial Office perception of reform sentiment on Prince Edward Island was conditioned by this broader set of influences. So, too, was the perspective of the emerging proprietorial faction, anxious to protect its interests against levelling tendencies. Bittermann adeptly dissects their position as well. And, if historians such as J. M. Bumsted have established the essential, self-interested role of local government in land issues on Prince Edward Island, Bittermann identifies within Island politics a sort of “third way” during the early 19th century between land reformers and the proprietorial camp, a mercantile faction that felt the key to settlement and economic development was state-sponsored provision of infrastructure.

Broadly researched and perceptively written, Rural Protest on Prince Edward Island achieves that historiographical paradox of complicating yet clarifying. In the process, it provides a new interpretive vehicle for the early decades of the 19th century on Prince Edward Island that will also resonate with the larger scholarship on radical reform. It promises to become a standard reference in years to come.

(Individual)

Lisa Ornstein, Director of the Acadian Archives/Archives acadienne, University of Maine at Fort Kent.

The director of a small archives wears many hats, but Lisa Ornstein wears more than most. Over the course of her nearly two decades at the Acadian Archives in Fort Kent, she has been administrator, archivist, and educator, but also, ethnomusicologist, musician, curator, collector, programmer, grant-writer, fundraiser. From three empty rooms on the campus of the University of Maine, the Acadian Archives has burgeoned under her direction into a major repository for the francophone Acadian culture that permeates Maine’s Upper Saint John River Valley.  In the best -practice tradition of the modern archives, the Acadian Archives adheres to its core mandate to collect, catalogue, and preserve, while extending the institution into the wider community with an impressive array of creative outreach activities.

In an archival culture that is chronically under-funded (if not under-valued), the activities at the Acadian Archives are inevitably an extension of the multiple talents of its director since 1991, Lisa Ornstein. A concert-level violinist with a passion  for French-Canadian fiddle music, she completed a master’s degree in ethnomusicology at Laval University, working and performing for fourteen years in Quebec before bringing her energy, charisma, and many talents to the fledgling Acadian Archives at Fort Kent. That she moves so easily between academia and the local community is a testament to personal as well as professional qualities. “There are very few people,” writes one of her references, “who can, in a given day, instruct children in Acadian music, collect oral history among the elders, and then sit down in public meetings with government and university officials.” It is just such diverse activities that ensure the Acadian Archives is both valuable and perceived as valuable by that magic circle of funders, users, and potential donors whose support is required to secure any archive’s future.

To add one further hat to the many Lisa Ornstein wears, she is a bridge-builder, who connects academia with the culture it studies. Her bridge, of course, is the collection and programming at the Acadian Archives at the University of Maine at Fort Kent. Having, as one admirer asserts, “conjured an Archive center out of not much more than air,” she has fashioned a strong and durable span over which intellectual commerce passes both ways, and it stands as an outstanding legacy for the archival administrator with the fiddle in her hands.

Donald Fyson, Magistrates, Police, and People: Everyday Criminal Justice in Quebec and Lower Canada, 1764-1837, Toronto, Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History/University of Toronto Press, 2006.

The committee is pleased to award this year’s Clio-Quebec Prize to Donald Fyson’s Magistrates, Police, and People: Everyday Criminal Justice in Quebec and Lower Canada, 1764-1837.  A book that explores the everyday workings of criminal justice in Quebec and Lower Canada between the British Conquest and the Rebellions of 1837-1838, it is ambitious in its scope and impressive in its mastery of the historical context.  Firmly grounded in the Quebec historiography and in the international literature of policing and criminal justice, Magistrates, Police, and People assesses the administration of criminal justice from a variety of angles, ‘top-down’ as well as ‘bottom-up’.  Fyson’s conclusions are incisive, nuanced, and convincing and are based on an exhaustive and rigorous analysis of judicial archives and the records of the colonial administration.  It is, finally, a beautifully polished book, attentive to detail in both its structure and its argument.  In sum, Magistrates, Police, and People is a study that forces us to rethink the conventional periodization of early Quebec and that will chart the course of future research in the field.

Kerry M. Abel, Changing Places: History, Community, and Identity in Northeastern Ontario, Montreal & Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006.

To those who fault social history for having made our profession’s concerns too small and too obscure, this book is a superb rejoinder.  In it, Kerry Abel unfolds a story that spans two centuries of life in a hard, beautiful place – today’s Porcupine-Iroquois Falls District.  The people here came from widely varied backgrounds.  Their goals were many, and sometimes conflicting.  It was anything but likely that they would come to see each other as allies and alike.  Yet, Abel argues, over the course of the first half of the twentieth century, the material and the imagined coalesced in Northeastern Ontario to form a local identity and a sense of community. 

In remarkably short order early in the twentieth century, railways, mining, and forestry transformed an economy based on the fur trade. Economic inequalities produced oppression and resistance, local First Nations faced new challenges, and ethnic and gender relations contributed tensions of their own.  But this is no reductive narrative of inevitable conflict.  The tendency to form a community was present, too, as forest fires, flu epidemics, and other crises offered the people of the Porcupine occasions to see each other as sources of help and participants in shared projects.  The routine experiences of work and daily life – in school, church, union, choir, town council, and team – provided, not just the frameworks of difference, but also the conceptual categories for cooperation.

Insisting always on the interplay of circumstance and character, Abel applies to the world of Northeastern Ontario a subtle understanding of social theory’s central questions.  Her vivid portrayal of place, blended with a masterful treatment of major ideas, makes this work a treasure.  Changing Places will become a reference work for students of Ontario history and a model, too, for all historians who aim to write social history, full of human detail, that is also a guide to the most broadly significant questions of politics.  

David McCrady, Living with Strangers: The Nineteenth-Century Sioux and the Canadian-American Borderlands, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 2006.

Conceived as a study of the borderlands history of the Sioux in the western Canadian/American plains, this book makes an important contribution to both western and Native history. Sioux bands who lived on the borderlands between the United States and Canada have been poorly treated by both Canadian and American scholars, who have confined the Sioux to domestic narratives.  McCrady performs a very valuable service by constructing a narrative chronology to understand these peoples and their relations to other native groups and the different state powers.

This book shifts the interpretive landscape of borderland studies in two respects.  The first is McCrady’s use of partition as a central concept. Organizing his narrative around this concept places the Sioux’s story in the context of global process of colonial expansion and empire in the 19th century.  The establishment of the border between western Canada and the United States is less the story of how two nation-building states incorporated their Native peoples than how partition destabilized and reshaped the fate and identities of the Sioux peoples. How the Sioux came to be identified with the American nation is the subject of lucid and exhaustively researched narrative.

The second interpretive shift is a recentering away from the process and geography of treaty-making systems toward a narrative focussed on the movement of specific peoples and their subsistence and diplomatic strategies. His book reaches beyond the traditional dichotomy of Native-white relations to deal with interactions between other First Nations groups. McCrady finds that exchanges with other Native groups were as important to the Sioux’s well-being as their dealings with Canadian and American authorities. Indeed, McCrady convincingly argues that Native history was not determined solely by settler colonialism, but also involved negotiations between multiple and diverse groups.

Gerta Moray, Unsettling Encounters, Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press, 2006.

Unsettling Encounters is a remarkable and deeply researched book which situates Emily Carr and her work within the context of an evolving encounter between settlers and First Nations people in British Columbia. Moray draws on Carr’s paintings, sketches, notebooks, and a range of other primary materials, the latest scholarship on British Columbia’s settler society, and her own extensive fieldwork to show Carr and her work as very much a product of their times. Moray reveals Carr as someone who cared deeply for First Nations people and the power of their art forms, empathized with their struggles and hardships, and attempted to champion their culture to a Euro-Canadian society that generally viewed native peoples as either “vanishing” or in need of “civilizing.” At the same time, by situating Carr within a humanitarian strain of settler politics, Moray offers us another way of thinking about settler perspectives in British Columbia and complicates our understanding of settler-First Nations relations. All of this is done by Moray in an intellectually sophisticated and careful way.

Beyond an incredibly detailed study of Carr’s world, Unsettling Encounters represents an impressive attempt to make sense of the way Carr absorbed Northwest Coast First Nations artistry in her work. Moray reveals Carr as an artist powerfully drawn to First Nations artistic forms and imagery but understandably limited in her understanding of them. As a result, Moray provides us with a fresh interpretation of Carr’s work as a hybrid production which made use of native forms and images to make its own expressions. This is a beautifully produced book with a large section of colour plates of  Carr’s work and many black and white photographs throughout the text which greatly enhances the argument. In her concluding remarks, Moray wonders if Carr’s “Indian” work will remain relevant in a time when First Nations people, “are so actively engaged in their own cultural production and self-representation.” Unsettling Encounters will certainly keep Carr alive as example of a complex, moving, and hopeful encounter experience between a settler and First Nations people and their culture in British Columbia. The British Columbia committee is pleased to be able to honour Gerta Moray for Unsettling Encounters.

Julie Cruikshank, Do Glaciers Listen?  Local Knowledge, Colonial Encounters & Social Imagination, Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press, 2005.

Do Glaciers Listen? is a timely culmination of anthropologist’s Julie Cruikshank’s thirty year career spent listening to the stories of Aboriginal elders in the Yukon.  This cross-border, transnational work takes as its entry point the varying histories and meanings of glaciers in the liminal space of the St. Elias Mountains, offering a remarkable contribution to our understanding of the encounter between Tlingit and Southern Tutchone local knowledge and western exploration and science. Drawing from a rich theoretical literature on colonialism and oral tradition, Cruickshank marshals evidence from oral narratives, travel writing, scientific surveys, songs and carvings to argue eloquently that understanding human relationships with glaciers can tell us how humans give shape to their world.  Epistemologically, local Aboriginal peoples saw glaciers as sentient and held appropriate respect for them, whereas Euro-American newcomers tried to understand them as separate from culture, as quantifiable and scientifically explicable.

This book not only sheds new light on the era of the Little Ice Age (1550-1900) in northwestern North America, but is also a hauntingly powerful appeal to listen to the people who have listened to the land for centuries.  This is especially relevant at a time when the trend towards setting aside vast tracts of land for World Heritage Sites is, as Cruikshank suggests, further separating the land from those who have occupied it for thousands of years.  This innovative exploration of northern history in the context of local knowledge and colonial encounters makes a significant contribution to scholarship across a number of disciplines, including environmental studies, anthropology, Indigenous studies, and history.

Atlantic

N.E.S. Griffiths. From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604-1755. Montréal and/et Kingston, Canadian Institute for Research on Public Policy Administration, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005.

Naomi Griffiths has long been recognized as the foremost authority writing on pre-Deportation Acadia in English, and the winner of this year’s Atlantic region CLIO clearly stands as her masterwork. From Migrant to Acadian consolidates and extends Griffiths’ previous interpretation of the Acadian people’’s evolution from the dawn of the 17th century until the days of their deportation during the mid-1750s. With painstaking attention to detail, she explores how a disparate sprinkling of migrants, caught in the nexus of imperial rivalries that alternated malign neglect with ambivalent attention, gradually developed a unique society and identity. The nature of Acadia has long been contested terrain among scholars and writers, so that even its historiography has become the stuff of history. Griffiths’ account everywhere demonstrates an impressive grasp of that literature, past and present, even as it brims with her own considerable scholarship. The result is a rich and subtle synthesis of social, diplomatic, and cultural history, finely attuned to broader imperial contexts and yet situating itself in a post-colonial "identities" framework, where traditional and contemporary themes complement rather than collide. For all of these reasons, From Migrant to Acadian is a remarkable feat of scholarship. Comprehensive in approach, nuanced in treatment, magisterial in tone, it is unlikely to be surpassed in our lifetimes.

Magda Fahrni. Household Politics: Montreal Families and Postwar Reconstruction. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2005.

This study is an important contribution to the social, political and cultural history not only of Montreal, but more broadly of Canada during the immediate post-war period. In particular, it lets us examine from a new angle the intervention of the federal government in the matter of family policy by bringing out the dynamic role played by citizen movements which militated to make the family a public issue of the highest importance. Far from considering this period as one of the liberal imposition of a particular social model, the work is innovative in revealing, through concretes examples, a period of largely ignored negotiations, innovations and controversies. In many respects, the conclusions of this study will force a re-reading of the origins of the Quebec quiet revolution. For example, a larger place will now have to be made for the words of “ordinary people.” The analysis, based on very solid theory and well entrenched in historiography, is supported by remarkably extensive empirical research, as the author uses a wide variety of sources stemming from all components of Montreal society. Inventive in its narrative and methodological progression, clearly and intelligently written, this work is captivating, passionate and convincing.

Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill. Like Our Mountains: A History of Armenians in Canada. Montreal and/et Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005.

Dr Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill’s detailed and mature study is one of the most evocative treatments of the challenges facing an ethnic group in the ‘New World’ that we have read. She combines the approaches of an insider with those of a detached scholar at a very successful and sophisticated level. The Armenian community is never reified: in Dr Kaprielian-Churchill’s hands it is depicted as a complex and sometimes divided group of people who shared common histories (and challenges) but who read those histories in different ways at diverse times. The author is alert to how ethnicity is cross-cut by religious belief, gender, class, and time of arrival. She wears her grasp of the relevant scholarship lightly, and thus the book can be enjoyed by non-academic as well as specialist readers, as is her intention. Dr Kaprielian-Churchill’s research base is formidable, drawing upon a strong collection of primary documents, extensive interviews, and a wide range of secondary sources. Her writing is engaging, and given the nature of the topic, is never too sentimental. Like our mountains: a history of Armenians in Canada is a fascinating account of how one ethnic group coped in Ontario (primarily) over some one hundred years.

Bill Waiser. Saskatchewan: A New History. Calgary, Fifth House, 2005.

Bill Waiser’s Saskatchewan: A New History is a comprehensive description and analysis of Saskatchewan as both a community and province. It not only synthesizes the most recent scholarship on Saskatchewan themes, incorporating significant new research undertaken by the author, but it is also the first provincial history of the prairie provinces to consistently weave First Nations’ experiences into the larger narrative. He does this in interesting and innovative ways. Instead of beginning the book with an analysis of the fur trade and the economies and societies of the Metis and aboriginal peoples, Waiser begins his narrative in 1870 with an account of the territorial ambitions of the colonizers, and their ineffectual and contradictory efforts to remake aboriginals into economic citizens of the new order. This intersection of native, settler, and government narrative trajectories is thus introduced at the outset and forms one of the underpinnings of the rest of the book.

In explaining the social, cultural and economic trends of Saskatchewan’s past, Waiser keeps the focus on the lived history of the province. The book recounts the stories of outstanding individuals and the experiences of the downtrodden. Waiser has a naturalist’s eye for the impact of agricultural change, and he blends a finely tuned grasp of geography with an intimate sense of human adjustment. His examination of local experiences, like the resettlement of farmers from the southwest to northern forests during the Depression, broadens the geographical vision of the province beyond the farmsteads of wheat growers. Another of the book’s strengths is its integration of the north into the larger narrative.

The book is well written, engaging, and very interestingly shaped and organized. It does not blaze any new interpretive trails, but it does make Saskatchewan’s past come alive for both scholarly and popular readers. This is a model centennial history of the province that will stand the test of time.

Christine Wiesenthal. The Half-Lives of Pat Lowther. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2005.

The committee found The Half Lives of Pat Lowther to be both a beautiful and sensitive “life” of the British Columbia poet which deserves a wide readership across the country. In the work, Christine Wiesenthal provides a richly researched portrait of a complicated woman, and offers a much needed and new perspective on the history of the 1960s and 1970s in British Columbia. The committee was impressed by the author’s depiction of Lowther’s impoverished working class life and the stark family and cultural world in which she wrote her poetry. The committee also admired Wiesenthal for her nuanced examination of the details and troubling issues raised by Lowther’s brutal murder and the posthumous development of her reputation as a poet. The Half Lives of Pat Lowther breaks new ground in several areas of British Columbia history. It is a very worthy recipient of this year’s British Columbia Clio award.

Lifetime Achievement Award

William Barr is one of this country's best historical editors and finest northern scholars. Trained as a geographer, he developed a life-long preoccupation with the history and geography of the Canadian North, exemplified by a series of superbly edited volumes on aspects of northern exploration and adventure. His work has, from the outset, been characterized by attention to detail and a fine scholarly eye for matters of significance. His careful approach to editing and extensive research has ensured that his volumes are first-rate models of the historian's craft. The introductions to his books are highly significant works of scholarship in their own right, seeking to balance a greater understanding of the individual's life with an explanation of the broader social, cultural, economic and geographical context within which the explorer or adventurer operated. The meticulous detail in these books -- always supplemented by the superbly drawn maps one expects from a geographer -- illustrates the depth of Barr's knowledge and understanding of northern history.

Barr's body of work includes over 100 scholarly articles and such important books as Overland to Starvation Cove (1987), The Expeditions of the First International Polar Year (1985), Searching for Franklin (1999), and A Frenchman in Search of Franklin (1992), to cite only part of his contributions. His translations of key international works have made important historical documents available in English, thus contributing to the greater understanding of the international interest in, and contributions to, the history of the Circumpolar World. One of his best contributions is From Barrow to Boothia (2002), a finely edited production of the journal of Hudson's Bay Company Chief Factor Peter Warren Dease that provides much needed critical insight into this long-ignored explorer. His most recent work, Red Serge and Polar Bear Pants (2004), describes the life and times of Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer Harry Stallworthy, using extensive family records to provide an unusually detailed discussion of the experience of serving the RCMP in the North.

The diversity of William Barr's contributions is further demonstrated by his recent translation (from the German) of Wilhelm Dege's account of the last German Arctic weather station (published in 2004 as War North of 80). William Barr has done much to keep scholarly interest in northern exploration and science alive at time when the study of Arctic discovery and adventure has lost much of its cachet. He has, in the process, provided a series of foundational studies which scholars across a wide variety of disciplines will continue to exploit to great and positive effect. He is Professor Emeritus at the University of Saskatchewan and is currently a Research Associate with the Arctic Institute, University of Calgary. William Barr, historian, editor, translator and Circumpolar expert, is the deserving recipient of the 2006 Clio Award for the North from the Canadian Historical Association.

Atlantic Canada

Peter Pope. Fish into Wine: The Newfoundland Plantation in the Seventeenth Century. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press and Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, 2004)

Writing with a masterful clarity that belies the complexity of both his topic and his methodology, Peter Pope effectively re-positions Newfoundland in the socioeconomic landscape of seventeenth-century North America and the North Atlantic world. Fish into Wine marshals evidence across disciplines and oceans to fashion a compelling argument about the nature of early settlement in Newfoundland and the complex relationship between planter and migratory fishers on the raw frontier of the international cod fishery.

Popes 17th-century Newfoundland is no isolated economic outpost, a pawn of European empires, where fishers contend with settlers, and English settlement defies official policy. Relying on a superb grasp of a sprawling international literature, an impressive range of archival sources, and innovative archaeological analysis (especially of the proprietary colony founded at Ferryland in 1621), Fish into Wine argues instead for a Newfoundland where the customs and practices of the English fishery extend into the New World, and where permanent plantations serve an essential purpose for both migratory fishers and the European trading network that sponsor them.

Not only does Fish into Wine significantly enrich our understanding of life in the emerging plantations on Newfoundlands English Shore; not only does it offer revisionist insights into the symbiotic relationship between planters and migratory fishers; not only does it convincingly connect those plantations with the nascent European colonies of eastern North America; but it does all of this within a comprehensive, nuanced, and admirably balanced narrative of the foundation of European settlement in Newfoundland and the lucrative international fishery around which it revolved.

In its marriage of diverse disciplines and sources, and in its persuasive analysis, Fish into Wine makes a significant contribution to Atlantic Canadian history. As one reviewer has already concluded, Understanding the early history of Newfoundland now begins here.

Denyse Baillargeon. Un Québec en mal d'enfants. La médicalisation de la maternité 1910-1970. (Les éditions du remue-ménage, 2004)

If collective memory has long valued the idea of an alleged excessively high birthrate of Catholic francophones in Quebec (the so-called revenge of the cradles), it has to a lesser extent remembered that, at the beginning of the 20th century, this society experienced one of the worst infant mortality rates in the west. This infamous situation was the first opportunity used by doctors to justify especially by citing the nationalist cause their progressive occupation of the field of pregnancy and childhood. This remarkable work by Denyse Baillargeon, who situates her subject within a perfectly mastered international historiography, allows us to appreciate the specific rhythm and expression of the Quebec case. The author uses a number of clearly handled theoretic approaches which capture both the cultural and social aspects of her subject. Denyse Baillargeon uses a great variety of analytical methods and documentation, and her discipline, critical mind and assurance do as much justice to the medical propaganda as to the statistics. The results of the fascinating oral research also allow us to grasp the role of the mothers themselves in this story and the text is accompanied by truly useful illustrations. All this adds up to a work of rare solidity, intelligent, disciplined and absolutely enthralling, that explains a highly complex, important phenomenon of contemporary history

Peter L. Storck. Journey to the Ice Age: Discovering an Ancient World. (University of British Columbia Press, 2004)

Peter Storck's account of a life spent investigating the archaeology of early paleolithic Ontario is many things: archaeology, history, biography, and a cracking good read. Storck was fresh from graduate school in Wisconsin when he joined the Royal Ontario Museum in 1969, assigned to investigate the earliest archaeological records in Ontario, from 8 000 to 12 000 years ago, or even further back if older artifacts could be found. Off he went to explore the beaches of prehistoric Lake Algonquian, around Georgian Bay and the Niagara Escarpment. Sometimes weeks of tramping, digging, sifting resulted in nothing at all; other years he practically stumbled across the fluted points--visually unremarkable bits of shaped rocks--that provide almost all the surviving evidence of early paleolithic peoples and their lives in Ontario. Finding these bits of stone was only part of the struggle: they couldn't be carbon dated, so Storck and his colleagues had to rely on other, often speculative ways of determining the age of their makers. Storck had to find the source of the stone, so he could tell what direction these people travelled. He had to tease out an understanding of the tools' uses (even when that meant going to stone-carving school), until perplexity would give way to sudden insight that these people had caught and filleted fish on the shores of the ancient lake, or that they had hunted hare, or fox, or reindeer across the Ontario tundra. Some mysteries were resolved; many others remain. One's experience of the Ontario landscape is transformed.

Storck's account comes as a revelation to the uninitiated because the literature on paleolithic Ontario has generally been written by experts for experts, and inaccessible to a wider audience. Storck manages to convey the human dramas behind the jargon: not only the hard-won knowledge about ancient peoples, but also workings of the modern historical, archaeological and curatorial professions in Ontario, permitting a rare glance at scholarship centered on the museum rather than the university. These were great times for Ontario archaeologists. With research money available, knowledge of ancient history and geology improved enormously, and Ontario was transformed from an intellectual backwater to a focal point for post-ice-age archaeology. Peter Storck is an eloquent and passionate guide to both worlds, and his book deserves a wide readership.

Simon Evans. The Bar U and Canadian Ranching History. (Calgary: University of Calgary, 2004)

This is one of those rare books in which discussions of ropin, ridin, and range management are elevated to finely-honed analysis. It is a work of mature and elegant scholarship that provides the best description to date of the origins of ranching in Alberta and the different epochs of the ranching business in Canada, as seen through the history of the Bar U and its people. It is a careful and detailed local study at the same time as it places the ranch in its bigger geographic, economic, political and social context. The Bar U is the first close examination of a ranch community to include its aboriginal and Chinese members along with the whites, women and children along with the men, disgruntled cooks along with the cowboys and outlaws. It moves beyond the kind of vague nationalism and romanticism that often permeates the historiography of ranching to answer such questions as how did the large ranches like the Bar U function in the early ranching economy of the region, what was necessary to keep a workforce in place from one season to the next, what kinds of labour were required and who performed it, when and how did aboriginal and Chinese workers enter the picture, and what was the physical signature of ranching on the southern Alberta landscape? Extending the case study from the ranchs beginnings in the 1880s to its re-incarnation as a National Historic Site in the 1990s puts the Bar Us famous cattle kingdom days under George Lane and Pat Burns into perspective, and reminds readers that for a while the ranch was as well known for its Percheron horses as for its cattle. The rich and extensive visual material adds far more than just illustration to the text and brings a unique dimension to the analysis. Superimposing the Bar Us holdings over a modern highway map, for example, conveys just how large the home ranch was at its peak. Evans asks in his Preface whether the study of a single ranch can claim to throw light on Canadian ranching history (xix) and The Bar U does that and more. In the recent flood of scholarship on ranching this book stands out.

Matthew Evenden. Fish vs. Power: An Environmental History of the Fraser River. (New York, Cambridge University Press, 2004)

Environmental history is still a new field in British Columbia historiography, and this well-researched, well-written and highly original study is a most welcome addition to British Columbian, as well as to Canadian, environmental history. In this study Evenden does a fine job of exploring and explaining the competition of interests, historically contingent actions and environmental factors that led to a significant non-event in the provinces environmental, political and social history: the remarkable failure to dam the Fraser River. The study is original within both the local context and the wider field of environmental history, and successfully pushes beyond the particularities of the topic to reflect more widely on the relationships among different peoples, power (and not just of the hydro-electric variety) and the environment.

Robert McGhee. The Last Imaginary Place: A Human History of the Arctic World. (Key Porter Books, 2004)

Robert McGhee has devoted his career to explaining the early human history of the Canadian North. His insightful and impressive scholarship has provided both specific studies of aspects of polar archeology and accessible overviews of human adaptation to the Arctic. The Last Imaginary Place, perhaps his most impressive work to date, builds a number of bridges: between history and archeology, between studies of the Canadian North and the broader developments of the Circumpolar world, and between the presentation of academic research to scholarly and general audiences. McGhee has written a superb account of the early human history of the circumpolar world, doing so in a fashion that commands attention from historians and other scholars. He describes the rich and complex adaptation of indigenous peoples to the Arctic without deprecating or romanticizing their experience. Making effective use of maps and illustrations, he demonstrates that historians have much to learn from practitioners of archeological science. His writing is accessible and compelling, making the book a tremendously valuable addition to the northern studies library.

The Clio Award for northern Canadian history has, as befits a field of scholarship that has been greatly enriched by contributions from scholars in other disciplines, been given several times to authors whose disciplinary home is other than history. Recognizing the significant accomplishment of Robert McGhee marks another example of how the understanding of the human history of the North is a truly multi-disciplinary endeavour. The Last Imaginary Place is a worthy recipient of the Clio Award in Northern History, recognizing both the continuing contributions of Robert McGhee to northern scholarship and this important addition to the understanding of northern Canada's past.

Atlantic Canada

Jerry Bannister. The Rule of the Admirals: Law, Custom and Naval Government in Newfoundland, 1699-1832. (Toronto: Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History/University of Toronto Press, 2003).

Jerry Bannister has written a lively and fascinating book that opens up the relatively unknown world of 18th century Newfoundland. Bannister shatters myths of isolation and the despotic nature of naval justice between the Newfoundland Act of 1699 and the establishment of representative government in 1832. The result is the opportunity to think more generally about the nature of law, state formation, governance and political culture as they related to British colonial and naval projects and Newfoundlanders. The book represents a significant reinterpretation of Newfoundland history, and the chronological scope of its coverage, more than 130 years of colonial development, is almost Newfoundland into the new historiography of the First British Empire.

The Rule of the Admirals explores hitherto underutilized court and naval records, and disentangles a complex interrelationship of the state and society. This book suggests that the state in Newfoundland, despite the conclusions of later Whig nationalist historians, passed through a succession of forms that met the needs of the fishery. Bannister argues that this system lasted for over a hundred years because it worked and served the interests of the various parties involved. The book is based on outstanding research in Newfoundland and British sources and the author has chosen to highlight the primacy of legal texts with the inclusion of primary documents at the end of each chapter and a useful notes on primary sources section at the end.

While the existing literature focuses upon the English law and the fisherys economic organization, Bannister points out that much of the law governing social relations within the fishery were local customs that later became codified through formal law. He expertly traces the development of legal apparatus from the days of the Fishing Admirals through the rule of Naval surrogates to the establishment of courts of civil jurisdiction.

Unlike the traditional interpretation, Bannister argues that the Fishing Admirals and Naval authorities provided effective regimes that were well suited to the needs of the local community. As Bannister explains, the Georgian Royal Navy, far from being corrupt and inefficient, managed the largest industrial organization in the Western World. (23). During each transition from one regime to the next, he points out, the victors rhetoric condemned the earlier regime. Bannister follows Keith Matthewss argument that historians have been too quick to accept these judgments as fact.

While demarking the outlines of the shifting legal structures, Bannister argues against the idea that Newfoundland was exceptional and advances a new interpretation of Pallisers Act and a general re-emphasizing the criminalization of servants failure to live up to contractual obligations. This discussion of paternalism and corporal punishment promises to provoke much debate among those who study this pivotal period.

Jean-Philippe Warren. L'engagement sociologique : La tradition sociologique du Québec francophone (1886-1955). (Boral, 2003)

A history but also a sociology of ideas, Jean-Phillippe Warren's L'engagement sociologique is a remarkable study dealing with an ambitious subject the development of a sociological tradition in francophone Quebec, from Léon Gérin's stay in France in 1886 to Father Georges-Henri Lévesque's departure from the deanship of the Social Sciences Faculty of Universit Laval in 1955. Written in a sumptuous style that captivates the reader, no matter how wary of anything scholarly, J.-P. Warrens study raises issue with the familiar bromides on the supposed backwardness of intellectual and scientific life in francophone Quebec. It presents a detailed and erudite analysis of the three schools formed with the institutionalization of sociology, the Le Play School, doctrinal sociology and Laval sociology. He elucidates a discipline less uniform and ramshackle than the one insisted on by those with a preconceived idea about the modernization of Quebec society. The members of the jury of the 2003 Clio Prize, Quebec section, recognize the consistent sensitivity to and successful implementation of an interdisciplinary dialogue between sociology and history. Jean-Phillippe Warren's L'engagement sociologique is a work that will significantly mark the field of intellectual history, and contribute strongly to the investigation of the subject of science as social practice. It is with great delight the kind that comes from the pleasure of knowledge that the members of the jury unanimously award the 2003 Clio Prize, Quebec section, to Jean-Phillippe Warren and his innovative study.

Terry Crowley. Marriage of Minds: Isabel and Oscar Skelton Reinventing Canada. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Studies in Gender and History series, 2003).

Terry Crowley's Marriage of Minds makes an important contribution to intellectual and political history and to the gender history of Canada. It successfully crafts together these diverse frameworks for narrating the lives and careers of two prominent Ontarians. Unusually, it gives equal weight to female and male protagonists, the professor turned mandarin and the literary author, exploring their conceptions of self and nationhood. Husband and wife bob and weave through constitutional crises, everyday political confrontations, intellectual disputes, and the dramas of domestic life. With its analysis of the development of nationalist identity in the late 19th and early 20th century, the book helps us to understand the polity through the eyes of individuals, as intellectuals and also as people shaped by family and gender expectations. Marriage of Minds proves conclusively that social history can help us better understand the nation.

Raymond J. A. Huel. Archbishop A.-A. Taché of St. Boniface: The Good Fight and the Illusive Vision. (Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2003).

Raymond Huel's Archbishop A.-A. Taché of St. Boniface: The 'Good Fight' and the Illusive Vision is the first scholarly biography of this central figure in western Canadian history, whose views provide unique and rich insight into the founding events of Manitoba's history. Alexandre-Antoine Taché, born and raised in Québec, was the first Oblate missionary to come to western Canada in 1845. He was the first of his congregation to be ordained, he served as a missionary to Chipewyans in Ile-à-la-Crosse, he was the first Oblate bishop in the northwest, and he was the first archbishop of Saint-Boniface. By the time Taché died in 1894, he had played a major role in negotiating a peaceful settlement of the Red River Insurrection and helped shape the early years of the province of Manitoba. Archbishop Taché's central wish during his career was to create a "sister province" of Quebec in the northwest, and cement Canada as a bilingual and bicultural nation. Although Taché's vision proved illusory, he fought long and hard to promote French and Catholic interests in the region, encourage French Canadian immigration, and protect the rights of the Métis.

Huel's biography provides a nuanced portrait of Archbishop Taché in an array of contexts, including as a young missionary, a maturing bishop, a hardened archbishop, a passionate politician, an efficient bureaucrat, and a homesick son. Huel's work is important in a number of regards. He illuminates a mostly unwritten chapter in early western Canadian history, that of the French, French Canadian, and the Catholic, and their institutional and foundational role in shaping the west. Huel demythologizes Taché and explains the issues that were dear to his heart. The study is thoroughly researched and masterfully constructed, with a good balance between Taché's "life" and the "times" in which he lived. Huel's account of Taché's perspectives on the Riel amnesty question and the school's question in Manitoba and the Northwest is an especially impressive addition to scholarship. In addition to providing a sensitive and compelling portrait of Taché and the complex worlds through which he moved, Huel also writes more broadly about the benefits and problems associated with the genre of biography, and his thoughtful analysis of sources runs through this biography.

Jean Barman. Sojourning Sisters: The Lives and Letters of Jessie and Annie McQueen. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003).

In Sojourning Sisters Jean Barman stresses the ordinariness of her subjects, two sisters from Nova Scotia who made their way to British Columbia in the late 1880s. Jessie and Annie McQueen were young teachers who took posts in the provinces Interior. They lived in a number of places in BC during the following years, but they remained connected to the Maritimes, at times traveling home for extended periods. The narrative offers intimate knowledge of the womens lives; over five hundred letters to or from the sisters survive, as well as a larger number between their parents and siblings. These letters, covering the period from 1860 to 1930, offer extraordinary insights into feelings and aspirations; the roles of daughters, sisters, and wives; and work and leisure experiences. Life on the British Columbia frontier is seen close up.

Two things particularly elevate this book. First, the book is a pleasure to read. Second, Barman links the lives of these women to the larger process of nation-building, the spreading of assumptions about religion, culture, and race from one coast to another. Here ordinary people were truly constructing Canada.

Ishmael Alunik, Eddie Kolausok and David Morrison. Eddie Kolausok and David Morrison. Across Time and Tundra: The Inuvialuit of the Western Arctic. (Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 2003).

Northern Canada is engaged in a rich and potentially transformational historiographical exercise. For generations, the writing of northern history rested in the hands of southern-based historians and antiquarians. Only rarely were northern voices and, even more rarely, were indigenous perspectives given more than passing historical attention. That is now changing rapidly, and nowhere more powerfully and dramatically than in the Canadian North.

Across Time and Tundra is an engaging, beautifully illustrated cross-cultural exercise in northern historical writing. The authors represent the diversity of northern historical perspective. Ishmael Alunik contributes as an Inuvialuit elder. Eddie Kolausok is an Inuvialuit land claims negotiator, and David Morrison is an historian with the Canadian Museum of Civilization. The collaboration resulted in a rich blend of historical narrative, perceptive analysis founded on recent scholarship, direct engagement with the issues of the contemporary western Arctic, and the unique insights of Inuvialuit elders.

This book sparkles with insight and understanding of the Inuvialuit of the western Arctic. Where most portraits of the Arctic emphasize the sparseness and isolation of the environment, Across Time and Tundra highlights the deep and abiding connections between the people and their land and, through the words of elders and the well-chosen photographs and illustrations, documents the complex transformations resulting from the arrival of newcomers. Historians and other scholars have, for several decades, learned how to collect information from indigenous peoples. Increasingly, as with this deserving book, indigenous elders, writers and non-indigenous scholars have discovered how to share their insight and to collaborate on projects designed to challenge existing perceptions of the indigenous experience.

Across Time and Tundra is a worthy choice of the Canadian Historical Associations Clio Award for Regional History (The North). The authors are to be commended for their excellent work in bringing the history of the Inuvialiut forward in such an accessible, creative and insightful fashion.

Atlantic Canada

William C. Wicken, Mi'kmaq Treaties on Trial: History, Land and Donald Marshall Junior (University of Toronto Press, 2002).

This original and readable study elegantly moves across time to explore and explain the historical origins of a complex contemporary issue. Grounded in the careful reading of legal documents across three centuries, the reader comes away with an understanding of 18th and 20th-century Mi'kmaq politics, imperial "diplomatic" relations and the challenges of using history and historical arguments before the contemporary courts. It advances our understanding of 18th-century Mi'kmaq society and of native-white relations by focussing on the 1725-26 peace and friendship treaty between the Mi'kmaq and the Nova Scotia government. In great detail, the author explains the complexities of treaty-making in the colonial era and offers insights into the role of oral tradition, and academic history, in court cases on aboriginal rights.

Wicken's study demonstrates an understanding of Mi'kmaq social structure, kinship and economy and illustrates that the Mi'kmaq viewed the treaty making process as part of a continuing relationship. By implication, he indicates that a legal reading of the text as a document that stands alone would not be an accurate historical representation. Further, Wicken effectively establishes that the British military authorities were not exercising jurisdiction over Nova Scotia during the better part of the eighteenth century. By examining the meaning of various clauses of the pertinent treaties he shows British intentions to be modest. Wicken's argument is that British intentions were to develop a legal category to govern the Crown's relationship with Mi'kmaq. The discussion of British misunderstanding of the nature of the alliance between the French and Mi'kmaq is persuasive and the conclusion that the British thought they achieved more than they did through treaties is significant. This book will be of great interest to students of history, politics and the law, and serves as an important example, for academics and their students, that history 'matters.'

Le Centre de recherche des Cantons de l'est / Eastern Townships Research Center

The sub-committee recognizes the remarkable contribution of the CRCE/ETRC in disseminating regional history in Quebec. For twenty years, starting at Bishop's University, the CRCE/ETRC has been offering history researchers in the Eastern Townships a commendable administrative framework worthy of mention. It testifies both to the excellence of the leading research of recognized historians, and to the praiseworthy concern taken by this organization to popularize history, notably with its book launchings, the publication of a comprehensive newsletter and an annual conference that attracts a large audience. The CRCE/ETRC shows how exciting it is to have quality research produced in the region, research that is expressed in the two languages that signify the historical richness of the Eastern Townships. In order to properly commemorate the 20th anniversary of this organization, the Quebec sub-committee has decided to award a 2002 Clio Prize in recognition of the enormous contribution of the Centre de recherche des Cantons de l'est / Eastern Townships Research Centre.

Paul-Louis Martin, Les fruits du Québec. Histoire et traditions des douceurs de la table (Septentrion, 2002).

What a delightful book! The reader can't help but be won over by the novelty of the subject matter, the discipline and the richness of the research, the author's elegant and clear writing, and the exquisitely pleasing construction of the book. Following on the heels of innovative studies by Jean-Louis Flandrin and Massimo Montanari, Paul-Louis Martin reminds us of a flavourful world that we thought had been left behind forever with the globalization of trade. While delving into the history of these fruits and their soil - the elements of daily, if not ordinary, life - the author with great good humour acknowledges the contributions of ethnology, the economy and history, not to mention botany, agronomy and the natural sciences, to the knowledge of Quebec's past, and of the first Aboriginal settlements to the different regions of contemporary Quebec. Paul-Louis Martin tactfully retraces the multiform influence of the Catholic Church - by naming different plant varieties - and also the effects of the multiple cultural influences which, through nature, have shaped Quebec society. Finally, he reveals to the fascinated reader the existence of an Aboriginal "plant heritage," a heritage that is not confined to the invention of traditional cultures. An important and innovative addition to the Quebec historiography, Paul-Louis Martin's work is a surprising and remarkable study that the reader, no matter how exacting, can't help but devour at one go. With the unanimous agreement of its replete members, the Quebec sub-committee awards the 2002 Clio Prize (work) to Paul-Louis Martin and to his delectable book, Les Fruits du Québec. Histoire et traditions des douceurs de la table.

William Westfall, The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002).

William Westfall's small book is a gem. With gentle wit, sympathy, and a profound sense of irony, he relates the tale of Bishop Strachan's ever-hopeful campaign to beat back the forces of secularising modernity and construct a godly, conservative society in mid-19th century Toronto. Furious at the state's seizure of University College, Strachan defiantly launched Trinity College, with its independent funding and its required courses in "physiology in its relation to natural theology" and "the outlines of Ecclesiastical History," taught by men who were, he boasted, both scholarly and gentlemanly. Trinity was to be a "Christian household" where young men would learn, as children did from their mother, the highest standards of Christian morality. The "moment" was brief: Strachan's successors bowed before charges that they infantilised their students and did not represent the Church writ large, and they soon took down some of the religious barriers that Strachan had so carefully erected. Westfall deftly integrates institutional history with the history of education, religion, government, masculinity, the family, and the 'invention of tradition.' Highly readable and resting on impressive research and analysis, The Founding Moment is cultural history of the highest order.

Theodore Binnema, Common and Contested Ground: A Human and Environmental History of the Northwest Plains (University of Oklahoma Press, 2001).

Theodore Binnema's Common and Contested Ground is a grounding-breaking monograph. In this sweeping history of the northwestern plains from 200 A.D. to 1806 (the year Lewis and Clark explored the upper Missouri River), Binnema carefully traces the complex relationships among landscape, animals and people over a longue dure. He challenges the dominant anthropological paradigm of culture groups and instead focuses on significant individuals, bands and events, outlining how kinship and the environment underlay social organization among people on the plains. Binnema explores the interaction between bison and hunters, and the interethnic relations among Blackfoot, Crees, Assiniboines, Shoshonis, Arapahos, Gros Ventres, Crows, Hidatsas, Salishans and Flatheads that led to distinct band formations and regional coalitions. In combining environmental history with diplomatic and political history, Binnema has refigured the Native history of the northwestern plains. His book provides both an argument and a model that will stimulate debate and new research in the field.

Cole Harris, Making Native Space: Colonialism, Resistance, and Reserves in British Columbia (UBC Press, 2002).

This impressive volume tackles a crucial question in British Columbia: the dispossession of First Nations from the land. Historical geographer Cole Harris, a previous Clio winner, provides an 'historical narrative of geographical change,' exploring the colonization of the province through the creation of the reserve system. This process ignored aboriginal title, appropriated land, and created some 1500 small reserves for First Nations people. Emphasizing that the discourse of colonialism was complex and contradictory, Harris begins by discussing the inconsistent nature of imperial policy in the middle of the 19th century. He then traces the colonizing venture to 1938, when the Indian reserves in British Columbia were officially transferred to the Dominion of Canada. The 1870s were pivotal, according to the author, for this decade witnessed the defeat of an option that included a more generous land policy, as well as a measure of self-government, for First Nations. Throughout the book the often competing voices of the British Colonial Office, the colonial and provincial governments, the Canadian government, the settler society, and the natives are heard. A final chapter considers the modern predicament; rejecting the policy of assimilation, Harris calls for a politics of difference, where land, resources and self-government for First Nations can begin a new relationship between the aboriginal and settler societies.

Elegantly written and thoroughly researched, the book moves fluidly from theories of colonialism to detailed, on-the-ground discussions between land commissioners and native chiefs over the size and makeup of particular reserves. Some fifty maps further ground the history in specific individual cases. For students of British Columbia's past and present, Making Native Space is essential reading.

Shelagh D. Grant, Arctic Justice: On Trial for Murder, Pond Inlet, 1923 (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002).

Shelagh Grant has provided a compelling and superbly researched analysis of the killing of Robert Janes by the Inuit of Baffin Island in March 1920. Janes died at the hands of Nuqallaq, an Inuk from North Baffin Island, who was acting on the basis of Inuit custom which justified the killing of an aggressive, threatening person on a pre-emptive basis. To Nuqallaq and his colleagues, the killing was an act of self-protection, but Canadian authorities had a different interpretation. Eighteen months after the killing, a Royal North West Police officer investigated the slaying and recommended that Nuqallaq and two others be charged. Following the trial, Nuqallaq was sentenced to ten years of hard labour at Stony Mountain Penitentiary in Manitoba. He remained only eighteen months, when he was released to return to Pond Inlet, where he died a few months later of tuberculosis.

The killing of Janes convinced the Canadian government that the time was right to assert national sovereignty over this long-ignored piece of the Dominion. Arctic Justice describes the tense and difficult intersection of Inuit and Canadian justice and documents the political and strategic motivations which underscored the Canadian government's determination to intervene. Grant argues, as she has in earlier works on the extension of government authority into the Canadian North, that a preoccupation with sovereignty convinced the Canadian government to act. More originally, she provides an insightful analysis of the Inuit response to the murder, the police investigation and the subsequent court proceedings.

The strength of Grant's work lies in the detailed and carefully reconstructed narrative and the nicely-contextualized analysis of the murder, the police actions, and the handling of the case by Canadian legal and political authorities. Where the book clearly stands apart from most other works of northern history is in the author's extensive efforts to collect and use Inuit oral testimony in the reconstruction and explanation of the events and the cultural circumstances surrounding the killing and the subsequent trial. This is, in sum, a superb work of ethnohistory that capitalizes on the strengths of archival and oral documentation and shows a great deal of respect for both the canons of historical scholarship and the historical traditions of the Inuit of Baffin Island. Arctic Justice is well-illustrated, with useful and informative maps, reproductions of historical documents, and other well-chosen illustrative material. Shelagh Grant has written a masterful, compelling and insightful work, which fully deserves recognition as the winner of the Clio Award for Northern Canadian History.

Prairies

Maureen K. Lux, Medicine That Walks: Disease, Medicine, and Canadian Plains Native People, 1880-1940 (University of Toronto Press, 2001).

In Medicine that Walks, Maureen Lux applies innovative frameworks to the exploration of disease among Native peoples on the Canadian plains from 1880-1940. She challenges the virgin population explanation for on-going and widespread pestilence among First Nations well into the twentieth century. European-Canadian settlement on the plains was accompanied by military, economic and cultural invasions, as well as the loss of bison herds and forced settlement on reserves, which led to grinding poverty, malnutrition, and overcrowding. For Native peoples, health was not simply the absence of disease, rather it was a holistic sense of well being --having food, clothing, shelter, and political self-determination. Likewise, the Canadian government equated poverty among Native peoples with ill health. Bureaucrats, missionaries and physicians explained high death rates and continued ill health of plains peoples in the quasi-scientific language of racial evolution, and saw disease as an inevitable stage in the struggle for civilization. This well-researched book draws on oral sources, ethnography, archaeology, epidemiology, ethnobotany, and documentary records, and demonstrates that poverty and poor living conditions allowed disease to spread through Native communities. Yet Native peoples survived and consistently demanded a role in their own health and recovery. This book is more than just a provocative contribution to the existing historiography, it seeks to fundamentally challenge the scholarship over the causes of disease among prairie First Nations communities and over the supposed ensuing decline of Native medicine. This book is especially original in integrating approaches from the history of medicine with Native ideas of health and disease, and reveals a new layer to the interactions between Native peoples and European-Canadians.

Margaret Conrad and James K. Hiller, Atlantic Canada: A Region in the Making (Oxford University Press, 2001).

A distillation of a complex historiography, this is an accessible yet scholarly work by two established historians. Working within the confines of a word limit imposed by the publisher, the authors cover 500 years of regional history in a succinct and graceful fashion. They strike an impressive balance in synthesizing current scholarly work on the region, including archaeological scholarship, in a popular and readable form. The attention payed to different regions within Atlantic Canada is balanced, as is the treatment of the First Nations, ethnic groups and both genders. The inclusiveness of the synthesis, with the diverse experiences elegantly included in both written and visual form, is particularly appreciated. The authors recognize that Atlantic Canada is largely a region only in terms of its relationship with the federal state in the period after 1949 - yet succeed in finding commonalities in the lives of people in the disparate regions that make up what is now the Atlantic provinces. This book, suitable as a text for courses in Atlantic Canada, redresses the imbalance in recent historiography by paying more attention to the pre 1867 period than the post Confederation era. The selection of maps, photographs and illustrations is especially effective - in many cases providing significant information about the past. Those teaching in universities and colleges finally have something that can replace W.S. MacNutts monograph of 1965. On the whole, Atlantic Canada: A Region in the Making is an attractive and effective popular history that should exert a wide influence in academic circles and beyond.

Adele Perry, On the Edge of Empire: Gender, Race, and the Making of British Columbia, 1849-1871 (University of Toronto Press, 2001).

In this scholarly yet colourful study about gender and race in colonial British Columbia, Adele Perry argues that the best efforts of a diverse group of reformers, including missionaries, politicians, and journalists, failed to regulate experience on the edge of empire. The homosocial culture of white males and the relationships between these men and Aboriginal women resisted transformation, and the mass immigration programs and land policies that reformers thought would reshape the colony were never implemented and thus never effected their intended miracle. Rather than remoulding colonial society, the assisted immigration of white women highlighted the discrepancies between imperial intent and practice. In the end, Perry concludes that the organization of British Columbia society occurred through the twinning of the processes of the resettlement of white settlers and the dispossession of indigenous peoples but also that the intertwining of gender and race is the essence of the colonial process in British Columbia. She draws selectively from feminist theory, Marxism, and post-colonial and post-structural theory and merges her insights convincingly when constructing her discussion. This important book fuels and raises to a higher level the debate about gender, race, and class in which British Columbia historians have engaged for three decades, and it will be read - and no doubt argued about - for years to come.

Serge Courville et Normand Séguin (dir.). Atlas historique du Québec. La paroisse (Presses de lUniversité Laval, 2001).

This remarkable study deals with an institution that had a profound impact on the social construction of the landscape and on the sociohistoric evolution of Quebec. Using various approaches, the study gives a brilliant account of the central place of the Roman Catholic parish as the nexus of urban and rural sociability, the locus for a sense of shared socio-cultural belonging, and the meeting place where the abstract reality of the state found expression. The structure of the argument exposes the various components of parochial reality [origin and volution, landscape and organization, medium of life, its expansion outside of Quebec]. The sections on the expansion of parishes outside of Quebec and on relations between parishes and state administration are major contributions to contemporary historiography. Part of the ambitious project of the Historic atlases of Quebec, this volume on the parish testifies will to the heuristic character of the interdisciplinary approach (geography, history, anthropology) of an institution that has been too often reduced to its simplest component. Finally, the cartography and iconography in this book are sumptuous and very effective.

Alexandra Palmer, Couture and Commerce: The Transatlantic Fashion Trade in the 1950s (University of British Columbia Press, 2001).

Couture and Commerce explores the links between Parisian couture houses and the realm of fashion in 1950s Toronto. Alexandra Palmer uses an innovative and creative blend of sources - oral histories, company records, and sketches photographs of couture wear - to bring an often-overlooked dimension of Ontario's past, that of the history of fashion, into the mainstream of the province's history. Palmer's study of couture calls our attention to the significance of ties between Toronto and Europe during this decade. Previous scholarship has traced the links between Ontario, Britain, and the United States; Palmer thus provides new dimensions to our knowledge of Ontario's position within a wider international spectrum. Couture and Commerce is written in an engaging and accessible style and is also well-grounded in scholarly work in fashion history and material culture. The book's beautiful illustrations are carefully used to demonstrate consumers' use of couture clothing. Palmer's sensitive use of material culture suggests new and exciting directions for Ontario history.

Renée Fossett, In Order to Live Untroubled: Inuit of the Central Arctic 1550 to 1940 (University of Manitoba Press, 2001)

Renée Fossett has produced a work of sincere and insightful scholarship. Her study of the Inuit of the Central Arctic draws on a wide variety of archival and oral sources and is greatly enriched by the insights gleaned from a decade-long residence in the region. In Order to Live Untroubled provides a sweeping analysis of four centuries of Inuit history, providing a chronological and thematic assessment of the transformation of Inuit life in the region. The broad temporal coverage permits the author to assess the pre-contact history and life-ways of the Inuit and to assess the impact of successive waves of Europeans and other outsiders on the peoples of the Central Arctic. She documents the creative manner in which the Inuit reacted to the intrusions and arrival of outsiders and considers the degree to which these external influences affected and, on occasion, attacked the core of Inuit life. The breadth of her research and the balance of Inuit insights and theoretical perspectives gained from an extensive review of the secondary literature makes this a worthy and valuable addition to northern Canadian scholarship. The committee is pleased to recommend Rene Fossett's In Order to Live Untroubled as this year's winner of the Regional History Award (Northern Canada) award from the Canadian Historical Association.

Atlantic

L. Anders Sandberg and Peter Clancy, Against the Grain: Foresters and Politics in Nova Scotia. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2000.

Against the Grain draws on interdisciplinary perspectives ranging from History through Economics and Environmental Studies to Political Science in analyzing the forestry sector in Nova Scotia in the twentieth century. L. Anders Sandberg and Peter Clancy use a biographical approach in their well-written study, providing profiles of seven forestry professionals to illustrate their analysis of forest policy. Rather than a simple narrative of the history of this resource sector, the authors present a unique and careful perspective on the role of resource managers in both the public and private sectors revealing the development of the industry as well as the political and ideological factors that affect policy decisions. Resource management is treated as a historical subject rather than as a simple technological vocation and the study underlines that forest policy involved contested ideological terrain and policy choices.

Donald G. Wetherell and Irene R.A. Kmet, Alberta's North: A History, 1890-1950. Edmonton: Canadian Circumpolar Institute Press and The University of Alberta Press, 2000.

This substantial book is the first comprehensive study of the history of Alberta's North. The authors trace the rise of northern Alberta as a region, its transformation through national expansion, the diverging economic and social life of its various districts, and the changing relationship between Aboriginal and Euro-Canadian people. Parts I and II provide a chronological overview and in Part III a thematic approach is taken to topics such as transportation, towns and social services, agriculture, social life, trapping, Aboriginal land rights and political organizations. The authors strive to present the multiple perspectives of those who occupy Alberta's north, stressing that no single narrative is adequate, and they successfully demonstrate the diversity and complexity of northern Alberta's societies and economies. A major theme woven throughout if that the policies and programs of both government and business placed the economic needs and standards of newcomers above those of the Aboriginal residents.

No prize this year

Yvan Lamonde, Histoire sociale des idées au Québec (1760-1896) Vol. 1. Montréal, Fides, 2000.

This important work presents the evolution of Quebec by examining the main ideas that have shaped this part of North America. The book demonstrates that francophone society in Quebec was influenced by a variety of ideological forces and by various international events, in particular in relation to the Rebellions of 1837-1838. The product of many years of research, this work of synthesis makes excellent use of published works, newspapers and archival documents. Written in a clear style, the book presents an innovative perspective on this very important period in Quebec history. By studying the social history of ideas in Quebec using the metaphor of "clearings in the forest," Yvan Lamonde reveals to the reader "the multifarious identities in Quebec."

Gordon Hak, Turning Trees into Dollars: The British Columbia Coastal Lumber Industry, 1858-1913. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

Gordon Hak gives us the first scholarly comprehensive study of the coastal lumber industry from the creation of the colony of British Columbia in 1858 through to the changing of American tariff laws in 1913. He argues that the market orientation of the staples approach and the production relations of industrial capitalism are both necessary in understanding this industry. Drawing on his solid research of primary materials and his extensive reading of secondary sources, Hak systematically analyses the lumber industry's "front end" of markets, company structures, and business strategies, its "back end" of government policies, critics, and independent loggers, and, finally, the mechanical and human aspects of production. In particular, he uncovers the dissenting voices of those who emerged to critique companies and government. Thus, in addition to giving historians a practical theoretical approach, Hak builds a sound foundation for understanding today's crises and conflicts in the woods between government, companies, loggers, Aboriginals, and environmentalists.

Shirley Tillotson, The Public at Play: Gender and the Politics of Recreation in Post-War Ontario. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

Shirley Tillotson's study of the recreation movement in post-war Ontario is a important new addition to the burgeoning literature on this period. While focusing on the development of the recreation movement at the local level, in Brantford and Simcoe County, Tillotson skillfully links community developments to a number of national concerns and themes: citizen participation in the liberal state, the development of professional identities for recreation workers, and women's voluntary role in public recreation. A richly-detailed and well-written book, The Public At Play provides significant insights about the formation of the Canadian liberal democratic welfare state. Deftly integrating social theory into her empirical research, Tillotson successfully demonstrates that gender relations and discourses were central to state formation in this period.

The North

Nancy Wachowich, in collaboration with Apphia Agalakti Awa, Rhoda Kaukjak Katsak, and Sandra Pikujak Katsak, Saqiyuq: Stories from the Lives of Three Inuit Women, (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1999).

In Saqiyuq, Nancy Wachowich, Apphia Agalakti, Rhoda Kaukjak Katsak and Sandra Pikujak Katsak provide detailed and unique insights into the lives of Inuit women in the 20th Century North. The three Inuit collaborators - a grandmother, daughter and granddaughter - offer perspectives from three successive generations and, in the process, document the changing social and cultural dynamics of the Arctic. The accounts collected and presented by Nancy Wachowich are particularly important for the light that they shine on aspects of women's experience, including marriage, child-rearing, and community relations.

Saqiyuq is a strong example of the new practice of collaborative indigenous history, combining the insights of elders and participants with the perspective and editorial hand of an academic. This volume is an important addition to the history of the Inuit, women in the Arctic and northern Canadian history generally.

Individual

Dr. Bruce Hodgins

In a full and rewarding career, Dr. Bruce Hodgins established himself as one of the leading figures in Northern Canadian history. Although his initial work was in the broader field of Canadian political history, Bruce's love for the North - and his passion for wilderness canoeing - turned his scholarly attentions to northern districts. His contributions have been many-fold, and include pioneering work in the development of undergraduate courses in northern history, service as Director of the Frost Centre for Northern Studies at Trent University, and tireless promotion of Northern Canadian Studies at the national and international level. He has published significant works on the history of northern Ontario and has edited several key collections of articles on northern themes. Perhaps his most enduring contribution, however, has come through his supervision of undergraduate and graduate theses, as he managed, with great success, to pass his love of the Canadian North on to new scholars. For thirty years, Bruce Hodgins has been at the forefront of the field of northern Canadian history and he is a worthy recipient of this recognition.

Beyond the City Limits: Rural History in British Columbia. (Ruth Sandwell editor).

Beyond the City Limits is a welcome addition to the written history of British Columbia. This collection of essays moves the focus of analysis away from the Lower Mainland in a much needed treatment of rural British Columbia. Each essay offers fresh insights into a diverse range of subjects from cougar hunting on Vancouver Island to pimping in Prince George. But this text is more than just an important shift from the usual, it is also a theoretically - informed, methodologically-sophisticated study of what has traditionally been deemed marginal in British Columbia history - the small towns, the farms, and the communities of the north and the interior. As such, Beyond the City Limits, contributes to a new scholarship of Western history that spans beyond provincial and national borders and so makes a most significant contribution to the history of British Columbia.

Jack Glenn, Once Upon An Oldman.

Once Upon An Oldman is a captivating study of the intense and bitter controversy over the Oldman Dam in southern Alberta, from its beginnings in 1976 to the present day. The Alberta government began construction of the dam in 1986, with the support of a highly effective irrigation lobby, and despite the opposition of the Peigan First Nation, local landowners, environmental groups and anglers. There were court actions, demonstrations, public debates, and a federal government panel declared the project unacceptable, but the dam was completed by the end of 1991. Glenn argues that the provincial and federal governments proved that they were not dedicated to protecting the environment, or safeguarding the interests of Aboriginal people, despite claims to the contrary. The book is a valuable contribution to regional history as Glenn provides context to the dispute through an examination of human occupation and water management in the Oldman River Basin. He effectively explores the historic associations of this region of Alberta to the Peigan.

Mark McGowan, The Waning of the Green

McGowan's book insightfully traces the development of the Catholic Irish in Toronto from an ethnic enclave into an integral part of the community. McGowan's work is based on extensive statistical research, which substantiates his claims regarding this group's dispersion throughout the city and their upward mobility. McGowan provides new insights into the organizational nature and activities of new Catholic organizations that supplanted older nationalistic ones. He looks at gender relations, compares and contrasts Irish-Canadian Catholics with immigrant Catholics from other countries, and examines the role of the Irish-Canadian community during the First World War. The Waning of the Green is a well-written and compelling piece of historical scholarship.

David Frank, J. B. McLachlan: A Biography

David Frank's richly textured J.B. McLachlan: A Biography combines extensive archival research with an accessible style to tell the gripping life story of the Scottish-born Cape Breton mine leader. James Bryson McLachlan played a central role among the miners as educator and organizer in the early to mid-twentieth century. He supported the miners when they joined the United Mine Workers of America, 1908-09, served on the union executive and led the legendary 1909-11 strike. Probably best remembered, however, as the radical leader of the miners in the dramatic labour struggles of the 1920s and 30s, McLachlan comes to life in this compelling biography. Frank skillfully weaves McLachlan's life into the story of Cape Breton where economic boom was accompanied by dire poverty for the miners, and widening class divisions. This long-awaited biography of a working class leader makes a major contribution to the history not only of Nova Scotia and Atlantic Canada but to Canadian history as well.

Peter Gossage, Families in Transition. Industry and Population in Nineteenth-Century Saint-Hyacinthe. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1999.

Families in Transition is a genuine monograph which makes intelligent use of numerous and various sources to show convincingly the local impact of the transition to industrial capitalism and of the demographic transition. The author has compiled a remarkable data bank, which can be used to make unusual correlations and conclusions differentiated by class, and to reconstitute family files which provide eloquent illustrations of important phenomena brought up to date. While making use of the theories of socio-economic history from the past thirty years, he remains attentive to the specifics of Saint-Hyacinthe whose environs he describes evocatively, with the help of a rich collection of illustrations astutely analysed.

René Hardy. Contrôle social et mutations de la culture religieuse au Québec, 1830-1930, Les Éditions du Boréal, 1999.

This very mature study, which deals with the volution of the place of religion in culture, plunges into an area of social life so difficult to grasp that it seems homogeneous and unchangeable. Excellent articles enable us to appreciate clever approaches, a work of rigorous and exacting evidence, and clear explanations informed by theories of European historiography. The subtle analysis enables an astute reflection on the significance of the institutions. There is a refreshing variety of themes selected to explore the religious culture. The author introduces important distinctions, and he accomplishes the patient work of dating by gradually introducing the new practices in Quebec's religious tradition.

H.V. Nelles, The Art of Nation-Building. Pageantry and Spectacle at Quebec's Tercentenary. University of Toronto Press, 1999.

The Art of Nation-Building is a new and fascinating application of current trends in the history of memory with regard to the history of Quebec and Canada. Particularly pleasant reading, the work integrates collective history and individual experiences. It uses various approaches, from different areas, from intellectual history to urban history, by way of political history and the history of religions.

Atlantic Canada

Julian Gwyn. Excessive Expectations: Maritime Commerce and the Economic Development of Nova Scotia, 1740-1870 (McGill-Queen's University Press).

Julian Gwyn uses modern development theory and a massive data base to track each of Nova Scotia's economic sectors over time, to follow the rise and fall of import/export ratios, and to note the unsettling effects of war and changes in British colonial policy. Like most modern scholars, he rejects the 'myth of the golden age' at mid-century and finds the Reciprocity Treaty of dubious benefit. In addition to his macro-economic findings, he conducts a fascinating economic tour of the villages and outports, describing their productive activities and the constant struggle of the inhabitants to eke out a living. He demonstrates that the global economy was just as competitive and unpredictable then as it is now, especially for small undercapitalized regions.

Notwithstanding his interest in the larger national political life, Professor Waite has always remained attentive to the history of the Atlantic provinces. Even before the great revival of Atlantic Canadian history in the 1970s, he was encouraging his students to head to the archives and investigate regional topics. His biography of Sir John Thompson and his lively two-volume history of Dalhousie University probe the relationship of the individuals and institutions of this region to the larger national and international community. They do so, moreover, in the elegant, often anecdotal and witty manner that has become the hallmark of this 'man from Halifax'.

Margaret Bennett. Oatmeal and the Catechism: Scottish Gaelic Settlers in Quebec. (John Donald Publishers, Edinburgh and McGill-Queen's University Press).

Out of a local experience, which acts as a mediator for identity as it is observed in the practices of daily life, comes a work which presents cultures in all their creative dynamics. It is an ethnological and anthropological study that provides a better understanding of the pluralism of the Eastern Townships and the contribution of the Gaelic culture to the history of this area of Quebec. It is an analysis which highlights the often otherwise silent contribution of women in a blind world. Its methodology is well constructed and makes a fine use of oral sources. Finally, it is voices that make themselves heard and invite a rewriting of our national stories.

Janet E. Chute. The Legacy of Shingwaukonse: A Century of Native Leadership (University of Toronto Press).

Janet Chute provides a detailed and carefully contextualized analysis of the lives and careers of the Garden River Ojibwa chief Shingwaukonse (Little Pine) and two of his sons. Located near Sault Ste Marie, the community faced pressures for change and assimilation during the nineteenth century resulting from Canadian industrial expansion, missionary activity, and government policy. Through the use of an impressive range of oral archival, and published sources, and with as careful attention to spiritual considerations as to matters of practical negotiation, Chute demonstrates how these leaders sought -- with some degree of success -- to preserve the cultural values of their community and a degree of control over their lands and resources.

David Bright. The Limits of Labour: Class Formation and the Labour Movement in Calgary, 1883-1929 (UBC Press).

In this well-researched, thematically broad study, David Bright examines class formation and the labour movement in Calgary in the years before the Depression. He demonstrates the reality of class differences but also explores the impediments to the creation of a unified working class consciousness. While focused on Calgary, Bright's engaging and revealing work connects to larger themes across the Prairies and beyond.

Mary-Ellen Kelm. Colonizing Bodies: Aboriginal Health and Healing in British Columbia, 1900-1950 (UBC Press).

Mary-Ellen Kelm takes a province-wide approach to the history of aboriginal health, drawing together isolated and disparate studies in the service of an innovative perspective. Her approach includes a critical, post-modernist view of the ways in which notions of the body have been constructed. For aboriginal British Colombians, this process has taken place within the context of colonialism and perceived inherent inferiorities. Kelm handles these theoretical challenges with aplomb and, in doing so, forces a re-thinking of not only medical history in British Columbia but demography, missionary work, residential schools, and the state. Scholars working in each of these areas will be obliged to think again about many of their premises and assumptions. The research is solid, the conclusions are important, and the tables are first rate.

Alice Glanville has been active in the preservation and publication of materials associated especially with the Boundary area. Editor and contributor to The Boundary Historical Report, she is also author of Grand Forks: The First 100 Years, Schools of the Boundary, 1881-1991, and The Life and Times of Grand Forks: Where the Kettle River Flows. She has been active in promoting British Columbian and regional history in the schools, in preserving artifacts and sites, and in encouraging others in their researches. As well, she has played a public role as a school trustee and a marriage commissioner and has served as a member of the Boundary Health Council and the Phoenix Foundation.

Charlene Porsild. Gamblers and Dreamers: Women, Men, and the Community in the Klondike(UBC Press).

Charlene Porsild provides an engaging and informative overview of the social dimensions of the Klondike Gold Rush, summarizing the available literature and offering new insights based on extensive archival research. She tackles numerous stereotypes and myths about the Klondike experience and offers a realistic portrayal of this important period in the history of the North.

Atlantic Canada

Peter E. Pope, The Many Landfalls of John Cabot

Jules Bélanger, "for his contribution to the history of the Gaspé region"

Keith Walden, Becoming Modern in Toronto: The Industrial Exhibition and the Shaping of a Late Victorian Culture

Frank Tough, 'As Their Natural Resources Fail': Native Peoples and the Economic History of Northern Manitoba, 1870-1930

Cole Harris, The Resettlement of British Bolumbia: Essays on Colonialism and Geographical Change

Douglas Cole, Simon Fraser University

W. Gillies Ross, 'This Distant and Unsurveyed Country': A Woman's Winter at Baffin Island, 1857-1858

Certificates of Merit in Regional HIstory

Atlantic

Ian Ross Robertson, The Tenant League of Prince Edward Island, 1864-1867: Leasehold Tenure in the New World

The Smallwood Heritage Foundation and the Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador

Christine Hudon, Prêtres et fidèles dans le diocse de Saint-Hyacinthe, 1820-1875

Le groupe de recherche sur l'histoire de Montréal

Honourable Mention: José E. Igartua, Arvida au Saguenay: Naissance d'une ville industrielle

Cecilia Morgan, Public Men and Virtuous Women: The Gendered Languages of Religion and Politics in Upper Canada, 1791-1850

Alicja Muszynski, Cheap Wage Labour: Race and Gender in the Fisheries of British Columbia

Anne Yandle, for her support of the writing of British Columbia history

David Neufeld and Frank Norris, Chilkoot Trail: Heritage Route to the Klondike

Atlantic Provinces

Sean T. Cadigan, Hope and Deception in Conception Bay: Merchant-Settler Relations in Newfoundland, 1785-1855

Odette Vincent et. al., Histoire de l'Abitibi-Tmiscamingue

Patricia Jane Jasen, Wild Things: Nature, Culture, and Tourism in Ontario, 1790-1914

Mary Kinnear, In Subordination: Professional Women, 1870-1970

Frank Leonard, A Thousand Blunders: The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway and Northern British Columbia

George Brandak "for an outstanding contribution to the study of British Columbia's Past"

Atlantic Provinces

Phillip A. Buckner and John G. Reid, eds. The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History

Chad Gaffield, Histoire de l'Outaouais

A. B. McKillop, Matters of Mind: The University in Ontario, 1791-1951

Ontario Women's History Network, "for promoting the History of Ontario and Canadian Women"

I.S. MacLaren and C. Stuart Houston, Arctic Artist: The Journal and Paintings of George Back, Midshipman with Franklin, 1819-1822

Naomi Miller "for her contribution to History in British Columbia"

Tina Loo, Making Law, Order, and Authority in British Columbia, 1821-1871

Atlantic Region

E. R. Forbes and D.A. Muise, The Atlantic Provinces in Confederation

Janice Potter-MacKinnon, While the Women Only Wept: Loyalist Refugee Women in Eastern Ontario

J. Keith Johnson "for his contribution to a better understanding of Ontario's regional history"

M. Hallett and M. Davis, Firing the Heather: The Life and Times of Nellie McClung

Honourable Mention: R.K. Loewen, Family, Church, and Market: A Mennonite Community in the Old and New Worlds

William Eldon Peters "for his particular passion for the preservation of Alberta's rural heritage"

Dianne Newell, Tangled Webs of History: Indians and the Law in Canada's Pacific Coast Fisheries

Keith Ralston "for a tremendous impact on the study of British Columbia provincial past"

Louis Lavallée, La Prairie en Nouvelle-France, 1647-1760

Québec

Musée d'archéologie et d'histoire de Montréal, Pointe-à-Callière and the Candian Center for Architecture

Marilyn I. Walker, Ontario's Heritage Quilts

Ontario Heritage Foundation

James Gibson, Otter Skins, Boston Ships, and China Goods: The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast, 1785-1841

Scott McIntyre, "for his important contribution to the study of British Columbian history as a publisher and as an advocate for scholarship in this region"

Steven Hornsby, Nineteenth Century Cape Breton: A Historical Geography

Institute for Social and Economic Research

Lynn Bowen, Muddling Through. The Remarkable Story of the Barr Colonists

Manitoba History

British Columbia and Yukon

Jean Barman, The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia

Honourable mention: Robin Fisher, Duff Pattullo of British Columbia

Rolf Knight in honour of his career contribution

Rosemary E. Ommer, From Outpost to Outport: A Structural Analysis of the Jersey-Gasp Cod Fishery, 1767-1886

Marianne McLean, The People of Glengarry: Highlanders in Transition, 1745-1820

Queen's University Archives for "Its role as a Valuable Resource for the Study of Ontario Regional History"

Richard I.Ruggles, A Country So Interesting. The Hudson's Bay Company and Two Centuries of Mapping, 1670-1870

Mention honorable: George Wenzel, Animal Rights, Human Rights, Ecology, Economy and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic

Glenbow Library and Archives for "Outstanding Contributions to the Study of Western Canada"

J.I. Little, Crofters and Habitants: Settler Society, Economy, and Culture in a Quebec Township, 1848-1881

W. Gordon Handcock, Soe Longe As There Comes Noe Women: Origins of English Settlement in Newfoundland (Breakwater)

André Beaulieu and Jean Hamelin, La presse québécoise des origines à nos jours(Les Presses de l'Université Laval)

Joy Parr, The Gender of Breadwinners: Women, Men and Change in Two Industrial Towns, 1880-1950

Sarah Carter,Lost Harvests: Prairie Indian Reserve Farmers and Government Policy (McGill-Queen's University Press)

Cyril E. Leonoff, An Enterprising Life: Leonard Frank Photographs, 1895-1944 (Talonbooks)

Camil Girard and Normand Perron, Histoire du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (IQRC)

Revue Cap-aux-Diamants

W.H. Graham, Greenbank: Country Matters in Nineteenth-Century Ontario (Broadview Press)

Mrs. Gladys Blyth (British Columbia)

Norbert Macdonald, Distant Neighbors. A Comparative History of Seattle and Vancouver (University of Nebraska Press)

Eric Sager, Seafaring Labour: The Merchant Marine of Atlantic Canada, 1820-1914 (McGill-Queen's University Press)

Cape Breton's Magazine

Canadian Parks Service: Prairie Region

Alvin Finkel, The Social Credit Phenomenon in Alberta (University of Toronto Press)

Morris Zaslow

Norman Wells Historical Society

Gaston Deschnes, L'anne des Anglais. La Côte-du-Sud l'heure de la Conquête

Donald B. Smith, Sacred Feathers: the Reverend Peter Jones (Kahkewaquonaby) and the Mississwauga Indians

Paul Voisey, Vulcan: The Making of A Prairie Community

The University of Manitoba Press for the Manitoba Studies in Native History

Howard White, Harbour Publishing, Raincoast Chronicles and his promotion of regional history

Georges Arsenault, Les Acadiens de l'Ile, 1720-1980

Professor J. Murray Beck

Agnes O'Dea & Anne Alexander, Bibliography of Newfoundland

Richard Wilbur & Ernest Wentworth, Silver Harvest, The Fundy Weirman's Story

Peter Thomas, Strangers from a Secret Land. The Voyages of the Brig "Albion" and the Founding of the first Welsh Settlements in Canada

John Hare, Marc Lafrance & David-Thierry Ruddel, Histoire de la ville de Québec, 1608-1871

Yvan Lamonde & Raymond Montpetit, Le parc Sohmer de Montréal 1889-1919. Un lieu populaire de culture urbaine

Nancy Z. Tausky & Lynne D. Disefano, Victorian Architecture in London and South Western Ontario: Symbols of Aspiration

Chad Gaffield, Language, Schooling, and Cultural Conflict

Ontario Historical Society

Alberta Historical Society

Paul Thistle, Indian-European Relations in the Lower Saskatchewan River Region to 1840

Okanagan Historical Society

Catherine McClelland, Part of the Land. Part of the Water. A History of the Yukon Indians

Douglas Cole, Captured Heritage: The Scramble for North-west Coast Artifacts

The Vancouver Historical Society, The Vancouver Centennial Bibliography

Bruce Hodgins and Margaret Hobbs, The Canadian North by Canoe and Snowshoe

Barry Glen Ferguson, Athabasca Oil Sands: Northern Resource Exploration, 1875-1951

Hugh Dempsey, for a distinguished career, symbolized by his latest work, The Gentle Persuaser

Rosemary Donegan, Spadina Avenue

Multicultural History Society of Ontario

La Société Radio-Québec (Abitibi-Témiscamingue) & Benoît-Beaudry Gourd, À la Conquête du Nord

Bruno Jean, Agriculture et Développement dans l'Est du Québec

T.W. Acheson, Saint John: The Making of a Colonial Urban Community

Elizabeth Jones, Gentlemen and Jesuits: Quests for Glory and Adventure in the Early Days of New France

Breakwater Books, St. John's, Newfoundland, for the publication of the Canada's Atlantic Folklore-Folklife Series (a total of 12 volumes since 1978)

Père Gaston Carrière, for his contribution to an understanding of the Oblate Order and Church history within a regional context

Stanley A. Saunders

The Island Magazine

Revue d'histoire du Bas-Saint-Laurent

Le Groupe d'initiative et de recherche appliquée au milieu (GIRAM)

Victor L. Russell, ed., Forging a Consensus: Historical Essays on Toronto

J. Maurice S. Careless

Brenda Lee-Whiting, Harvest of Stones: The German Settlement in Renfrew County

Diane Payment, Batoche, 1870-1910

Manitoba Record Society

Barry M. Gough

Morris Zaslow, The Opening of the Canadian North, 1870-1914

W. Kaye Lamb, founder of British Columbia Historical Quarterly

Gerald Friesen, The Canadian Prairies: A History

Dr. J.W. Grant MacEwan

Louis Gentilcore & C. Grant Head, Ontario's History in Maps

Donald H. Akenson, The Irish in Ontario: A Study in Rural History

John English & Kenneth McLaughlin, Kitchener: An Illustrated History

Richard Tatley, The Steamboat Era in the Muskokas

D.G. Bell, Early Loyalist Saint John: The Origin of New Brunswick Politics, 1783-1786

Joseph R. Smallwood

Christian Pouyez & Yolande Lavoie, with Gérard Bouchard, Raymond Roy, Jean-Paul Simard and Marc St-Hilaire, Les Saguenayens

Alain Gamelin, Ren Hardy, Jean Roy, Normand Séguin & Guy Toupin, Trois-Rivières Illustrée

Lynne Bowen & the Coal Tyee Society, Boss Whistle: The Coal Miners of Vancouver Island Remember

Elsie Turnbull

David H. Breen, The Canadian Prairie West the Ranching Frontier, 1874-1924

Docteur Lucien Brault (certificate of excellence)

Dr. Gerald Killan, David Boyle: From Artisan to Archeologist

John C. Weaver, Hamilton: An Illustrated History

G.M. Story, W.J. Kirwin, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds., Dictionary of Newfoundland English

Don MacGillivray, Allan Sekula, Robert Wilkie, Mining Photographs and Other Pictures: A Selection from the Negative Archives of Shedden Studio, Glace Bay, Cape Breton, 1948-1968

Christopher Moore, Louisbourg Portraits: Life in an Eighteenth Century Garrison Town

André Charbonneau, Yvon Desloges and Marc Lafrance, Québec, ville fortifiée du XVIIe au XIXe siècles

Ruth Holmes Whitehead, Micmac Quillwork, Micmac Indian Techniques of Porcupine Quill Decoration: 1600-1950

Francine Bourgie and Jean-Pierre Proulx, Histoire d'Embrun

Hugh Brody, Maps and Dreams: Indians and the British Columbia Frontier

David Gagan, Hopeful Travellers: Families, Land and Social Change in Mid-Victorian Peel County, Canada West

Margaret A. Ormsby, British Columbia, A History, etc.

David E. Smith, The Regional Decline of a National Party: Liberals on the Prairies

Glenn J. Lockwood, Montague: A Social History of an Irish Ontario Township, 1783-1980

Jules Bélanger, Marc Desjardins and Yves Frenette, Histoire de la Gaspésie

Graeme Wynn, Timber Colony: A Historical Geography of Early Nineteenth Century New Brunswick

Centre d'études acadiennes, The Acadians of the Maritimes: Thematic Studies

Senator Frederick Rowe, A History of Newfoundland and Labrador

L.S.F. Upton, Micmacs and Colonists: Indian-White Relations in the Maritimes, 1713-1867

Phyllis Blakeley, Glimpses of Halifax, 1867-1890, etc.

Them Days (Doris Saunders, editor)

The Agricultural History of Ontario Seminar Proceedings 1976-1979. (Terry Crowley, editor, 1976-78, Alan Brookes, editor, 1979)

Roy MacGillivray and Ewan Ross, A History of Glengarry

Alan F.J. Artibise, Winnipeg: A Social History of Urban Growth

John Herd Thompson, Harvests of War

J. Donald Wilson et David C. Jones (eds.) Schooling and Society in 20th Century British Columbia

Richard J. Diubaldo, Stefansson and the Canadian Arctic

David Alexander, The Decay of Trade and his numerous articles in Acadensis, Journal of Canadian Studies, CHA Historical Papers and Canadian Forum

B.C. Studies (Margaret Prang and Walter Yound, editors)

The Beaver

Ernest Forbes, Maritime Rights -- The Maritime Rights Movement, 1917 - 1927: A Study in Canadian Regionalism, etc.

W.L. Morton

Paul O'Neill, A City in your PocketContributor to Joseph Smallwood, Book of Newfoundland. Author of Legends of a Lost Tribe. He has written a comprehensive two volume history St. John's, etc.

John Richards and Larry Pratt, Prairie Capitalism: Power and Influence in the New West

Leslie Ross, Saguenayensia

Robert C. Tuck, Gothic Dreams: The Life and Times of Canadian Architect William Critchlow Harris, 1854-1913, etc.

Esther Clark Wright